Water presentation Turkey - IUCNAEL Colloquium 2014 | IUCN

Transcript Water presentation Turkey - IUCNAEL Colloquium 2014 | IUCN

Structuring problems, prioritizing solutions: the Japanese forest-energy context analyzed by 3-D Sustainability

Volker MAUERHOFER 1,2,3 & Takashi HAYASHI 3

1 University of Vienna/Austria, 2 UN University/Tokyo, 3 PRIMAFF/Tokyo [email protected]

IUCN Academy of Environmental Law, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 12 th Annual Colloquium, Tarragona/Spain, 30.6.-5.7.2014

Outline

Background and goals of presentation 2.

Method:

3-D Sustainability

& its application 3.

Application of

3-D Sustainability

case in current a.

Collecting problems Restructuring & prioritizing problems 4.

Advantages and Outlook Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

1. Background and goals I

• •

Legal energy questions

– often interwoven with complicate network of numerous other themes at several geographical levels.

Presentation introduces

– a new analytic tool based on

3-D Sustainability

to address complex question bundles – on the example of the enviro-socio-economic context of forests and their use also for energy production in Japan (currently highly dependent on fossil and nuclear based energy) Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

1. Background & goals II: Forests in Japan Not oldgrowth/virgin forests, but formerly afforested monocultures are addressed Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

2. 3D-Sustainability & its application I

Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

2. 3D-Sustainability & its application II Environmental (natural) carrying capacity Direct solar energy Environmental (natural) capacity 3D Sustainability triangle Waste heat 1.b.

Social capacity Environmental (natural) capital Economic capacity Economic capital 3D-Sustainability detailed & adapted from: Mauerhofer, 2008 Social capital Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

2.a. Flexible trade-offs mechanisms: 3D-Sustainability from above Adapted from: Mauerhofer 2008 (triangle based on Dyllick & Hockerts, 2002)

Eco-efficiency Eco-effectiveness Sufficiency Ecological equity Socio efficiency Socio effectiveness

Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

2.b. Flexible trade-offs mechanisms: General, not fixed hierarchy of priorities Sufficiency Eco-effectiveness Ecological equity Socio-effectiveness Eco-efficiency Socio-efficiency • • Change through a shift of the burden of proof Reflects the precautionary principle for decision making (Mauerhofer, 2008) Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

3. Problems collecting restructuring

Geographic problem level Problems ENV SOC ECO Capacity, Capital Over use Underuse Interna tional Alien species Geogra phic problem Level Problems Geo political solution level

V Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

Examples of bioenergy-problems collected for Japan

Level Community Local government Prefectural/ national National International Problems

Forestry does not stand alone economically. In Japan, timber price keep declining, forest owner can not earn expenses for thinning and replant.

…..

In some cases, local government does not know where land owners in their town are, particularly in mountainous areas, some of land owners do not recognize themselves as land owners, because they automatically succeed the land from their parents.

…..

Once bioenergy is produced, some plants struggles to find its demand. Supply chain of bioenergy is not yet established at prefectural or national level.

…..

After the earthquake in 2011, energy option is still in discussion, no national plan for energy supply system is established.

…..

Climate change is still going on, the heavy rain and big typhoon/ hurricane hit some areas. Abnormal whether happens frequently not only in Japan but also globally. …..

Volker Mauerhofer

Problems collected (full list)

4. Advantages & Outlook I

• • Work still in progress (2 nd round of restructuring & clarifying questions ongoing) Procedure – leads toward realizing potentials of aligning or also combining initial problem formulations – allows for bringing them into a more systematic order to prioritize also – often after questions of clarification - solution approaches. • approaches are then in practice often formulated through concrete policy mixes, including legal and economic ones.

4. Advantages & Outlook II

•

Tool appears to be

– a rather simple but effective means – adequate to structure complex question bundles and prioritizing solutions, – not only limited to issues of energy or geographically restricted to Japan, – widely applicable and definitely replicable Tarragona, 30th June 2014 © Volker Mauerhofer

Thank you for your attention!

Any questions?