Transcript Family Lectures 4712 March 2000 Dr Sam Punch

HighARCS Workshop
Participation, Gender, Age and Livelihoods
Day 3
• Livelihoods
• Participation, gender and age within and
across research teams
• Communication, Monitoring and Planning:
Workshop with Maan Bimbao
Livelihoods
• Definitions
• Sustainable Livelihood Framework
• Household livelihood strategies
• Summing up the importance of gender, age
and livelihoods for a participatory research
project
Livelihoods
• Key features of poverty are a high degree of
exposure and susceptibility to the risk of
crises, stress and shocks, and little capacity to
recover quickly from them. (Rakodi 2002: 14)
• The capabilities, assets (including both
material and social resources) and activities
required for a means of living (Carney 1998: 4)
Sustainable Livelihood Framework
…a livelihood is sustainable which can cope
with and recover from stress and shocks,
maintain or enhance its capabilities and
assets, and provide sustainable livelihood
opportunities for the next generation; and
which contributes net benefits to other
livelihoods at the local and global levels in
the long and short term
(Chambers and Conway 1992: 7-8)
5 key assets
1) Human capital
2) Social capital
3) Natural capital
4) Physical capital
5) Financial capital
(Rakodi 2002)
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
(DFID; Guidance Sheet – Section 1, 1999)
Household Livelihood Strategies
= range and combination of activities and choices
people undertake to achieve their livelihood goals
• … helpless victims trapped by tradition and
incompetence in an endless cycle of poverty and
despair (Parpart 1995: 261)
• Livelihoods approaches propose that thinking in
terms of strengths or assets is vital as an antidote to
the view of poor people as 'passive' or 'deprived'.
(Rakodi 2002)
• Assets include: human, social, physical,
financial and natural capital
• Diversifying household strategies
• Coping strategies:
stinting,
hoarding,
protecting,
depleting or
diversifying
Survival strategies
• The concept of 'strategy' has the advantage
of restoring agency to poor people, rather
than regarding them merely as passive
victims. (Rakodi 2002: 8)
• The poorest and most vulnerable
households are forced to adopt strategies
which enable them to survive but not to
improve their welfare. (Rakodi 2002: 6)
Household Livelihoods
• Diverse income generation
– Farming, non-farm activities, migration (education)
• Balancing collective and individual needs
• All household members: (seek all views)
– Inter-generational relationships (parents and children)
– Intra-generational relationships (siblings, birth order)
– Extended family members (grandparents, uncles/aunts)
• Informal networks
- role of neighbours, friends, relatives
• Interdependent relationships within + across hhs
Chapter 4 on Livelihoods
Springate-Baginski, O., Allen, D. and
Darwall, W. (2009) An Integrated
Wetland Assessment Toolkit: A Guide to
Good Practice, Cambridge: IUCN.
http://www.iucn.org/species/UIWAToolkit
At the research field site in your country,
what do you think some of the key
livelihood strategies consist of?
What are the main contributions of men,
women, girls and boys to household
livelihoods and the use of aquatic resouces?
Participation, gender and age within
and across research teams
research
managers
Funder
(EU)
majority world
researchers
Stuart Bunting
project co-ordinator
age
gender
class
ethnicity
minority world
researchers
nine partners
Questions for you:
• How, and why, did you participate in this
workshop?
• What enabled you to participate and contribute
to these sessions?
• Could you have participated more, if so, why
didn’t you?
• What could have been improved to enable you
to participate more effectively?
Key issues for reflection
• Being aware of the nature of the research teams
– power relations and hierarchical relationships should be used in
ways to enable colleagues to participate effectively
• Any conflicting emotions or difficult thoughts
around your own participation in the project?
– consider how your research participants might feel when you ask
them to participate in this research study?
• What opportunities and barriers might your research
participants face? How can you minimise the
constraints and maximise the benefits?
• Final Discussion:
Any questions, comments or suggestions?
• Evaluation sheets
Thank you!