Transcript IFAD SL Workshop The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework • It’s ONE WAY of “organising” the complex issues surrounding POVERTY • It’s NOT the ONLY WAY • It

IFAD SL Workshop
The Sustainable Livelihoods
Framework
• It’s ONE WAY of “organising” the complex
issues surrounding POVERTY
• It’s NOT the ONLY WAY
• It needs to be:
Modified
o Adapted
o Made appropriate to local circumstances
o Made appropriate to local priorities
o
Slide 1
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Livelihoods assets
Human
Capital
Social
Capital
Physical
Capital
Slide 2
The Poor
Natural
Capital
Financial
Capital
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Human Capital
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Slide 3
Health
Nutrition
Education
Knowledge and skills
Capacity to work
Capacity to adapt
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Natural Capital
• Land and produce
• Wild foods & fibres
• Water & aquatic
resources
• Biodiversity
• Trees and forest
products
• Environmental
services
• Wildlife
Slide 4
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Social Capital
• Networks and connections
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o patronage
o neighbourhoods
o kinship
Relations of trust and mutual support
Formal and informal groups
Common rules and sanctions
Collective representation
Mechanisms for participation in decisionmaking
• Leadership
Slide 5
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Physical Capital
• Infrastructure
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transport - roads, vehicles, etc.
secure shelter & buildings
water supply & sanitation
energy
communications
• Tools and techology
• tools and equipment for production
• seed, fertiliser, pesticides
• traditional technology
Slide 6
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Financial Capital
Slide 7
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Savings
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Credit/debt - formal, informal, NGOs
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Remittances
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Pensions
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Wages
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
The Asset Mix
• Different households with different
access to livelihood “assets”
• Livelihoods affected by:
o diversityof assets
o amount of assets
o balance between assets
Slide 8
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Human capital
• labour capacity
So……..
• no education
• limited skills
Landless
female
agricultural
labourer
Natural capital
• landless
• access to common property resources
Financial capital
• low wages
Human
Capital
Social
Capital
Physical
Capital
• no access to credit
Physical capital
Natural • poor water supply
Capital • poor housing
• poor communications
Financial
Capital
Social capital
• low social status
• descrimination against women
• strong links with family & friends
• traditions of reciprocal exchange
= an extremely reduced “livelihood
pentagon”
Slide 9
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
“Vulnerability” Context
• Shocks
– Floods, droughts, cyclones
– Deaths in the family
– Violence or civil unrest
• Seasonality
• Trends and changes
– Population
– Environmental change
– Technology
– Markets and trade
– Globalisation
Slide 10
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
“Vulnerability” Context
H
Vulnerability
Context
N
S
The Poor
Shocks
Seasonality
Trends
Changes
P
Slide 11
F
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Policies, Institutions & Processes
• Policies
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of
of
of
of
• Institutions
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political, legislative & representative bodies
executive agencies
judicial bodies
civil society & membership organisations
NGOs
law, money
political parties
commercial enterprises & corporations
• Processes
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the “rules of the game”
decision-making processes
social norms & customs
gender, caste, class
language
Slide 12
government
different LEVELS of government
NGOs
interational bodies
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Policies, Institutions & Processes
H
Vulnerability
Context
Shocks
Seasonality
Trends
Changes
Slide 13
S
N
The Poor
P
influence
Policies
Institutions
Processes
F
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Livelihood Strategies
Combining:
• the assets they can access
Taking account of:
• the vulnerability context
Supported or obstructed by:
• policies, institutions and processes.
………..………..leading to
Slide 14
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
Livelihood Outcomes
Poverty - a “poor” livelihood outcome:
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based on a fragile or unbalanced set of livelihood
assets
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unable to sustain to shocks, changes or trends
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not supported, or actively obstructed by policies,
institutions and processes that do not allow assets
to be used as they might
•
livehood options combined in a “bad” or
unsustainable strategy
Slide 15
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
IFAD SL Workshop
The Sustainable Livelihoods
Framework
H
Vulnerability
Context
Shocks
Seasonality
Trends
Changes
Slide 16
S
N
Policies
influence Institutions
Processes
The Poor
P
Livelihood
Strategies
Livelihood
Outcomes
F
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework