Transcript New World Beginnings

New World Beginnings
By Sally Jacobson & Jonaki Singh
Mr. Szeto-pd. 3/4
Planetary Perspectives
• Recorded history of the world begins
about 6,000 years ago
• 500 years ago, Europeans discovered
North & South America  sovereign
republics emerged, particularly the US
The Shaping of North America
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Basic geological shape
of North America was
formed about 10 million
years ago
After the Ice Age, the
North American
landscape transformed;
lakes and rivers formed
all over the continent
The First Discoverers of America
• Europeans arrived in 1492 and discovered
there were already people living there
• Main civilizations were the Incas in Peru,
the Mayans in Central America, and Aztecs
in Mexico
The Earliest Americans
• Cultivation of corn
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was common
Lived in small,
scattered,
impermanent
settlements
Weren’t aggressive,
unlike Europeans
Indirect Discoverers of the New
World
• 1000 AD-- Norse seafarers from
Scandinavia set up flimsy settlements
which were soon abandoned
• Crusaders—after Crusades, Europeans
were eager to get to Asia
Europeans Enter Africa
• Portuguese sailed along
coast of Africa and
introduced Europe to the
sub Saharan world
• Portuguese set up
trading posts gold
and slaves were
acquired
• Slaves were used to
maintain plantation
economy, which
was popular in
North America
Columbus Comes upon a New
World
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Spain’s unity, wealth,
power & technology led to
the possibility of discovery
Skilled Italian sailor
Christopher Columbus
looks for a new route to
Asia—and stumbles upon
the Americas
Stage was set for global
economy: Europe provided
markets, capital, &
technology; Africa provided
labor; New World provided
raw materials.
When Worlds Collide
• Native Americans introduced new crops like
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tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potato
Europeans introduced cattle, swine, horses,
and sugar
Not all trades were positive—Europeans
transmitted diseases like smallpox while the
natives infected the explorers with syphilis
The Spanish Conquistadores
• Conquistadores came to the New World in
the service of God and to find gold and
glory for Spain
– Explorers include Balboa (discovered Pacific Ocean),
Magellan (first to circumnavigate the world), Juan Ponce
de Leon (discovered Florida), and Francisco Pizarro
(crushed the Incas in Peru)
• Caribbean Islands served as bases for
Spanish invasions
The Conquest of Mexico
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1519- Hernán Cortés set sail
from Cuba bound for
Mexico.
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Reached Mexico,
marched on
Tenochtitlán, was
mistaken for a God
and welcomed, and
soon Cortes conquered
the Aztecs
Introduced his crops,
animals, language,
laws, customs, and
religion
Few Spanish settlers
intermarrying
between Spanish and
the Natives
The Spread of Spanish America
• Within 50 years of Columbus’ arrival, Spanish
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cities and towns flourished
Spanish conquered Pueblos in New Mexico
Established settlements in Texas as a retaliation
to the French settling along the Miss. River
Some settlers killed and enslaved natives, but
most blended both Spanish and Native American
culture
Sources
• http://www.dnr.sc.gov/education/Envirothon/2006Winnipeg/images/
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teepee-s.jpg
http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_3_31_2004_09_34_
14/corn_01.JPG376a46a3-aa36-45b9-9c67-e1f55726984dLarge.jpg
http://www.mapscharts.com/images/120.03%20Nieuwe%20Kaart%20-%20Tirion.jpg
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/ant322m_files/mexmap.gif
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/north_america_ref02.jpg