Transcript MICROQUASARS

BLACK HOLE
Movie courtesy Wolfgang Steffen, University Guadalajara, Mexico
QUASAR-MICROQUASAR ANALOGY
QUASAR
MICROQUASAR
Mirabel & Rodriguez, Nature 1998
• The scales of length and time
are proportional to MBH
Rsh = 2GMBH/c2 ; DT a MBH
• The maximum color
temperature of the accretion
disk is Tcol a (M/ 10M)-1/4
 MICROQUASARS HAD TO
WAIT THE ERA OF HIGH
ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
BASED ON PHYSICS, NOT JUST ON MORPHOLOGY
SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN QSOs & AGN
•OBSERVED IN ~ 30 QSOs & AGN
•IN RADIO & OPTICAL WAVES
• PROPER MOTION SEEN IN YEARS
•Vapp UP TO 20c
•WHAT IS THE NATURE ?
“PLASMONS” OR SHOCKS ?
A SUPERLUMINAL EJECTION IN A mQSO AT THE
TIME OF A SUDDEN DIP IN THE 20-100 KeV FLUX
VLA
THE PLASMA THAT RADIATES IN THE HARD
X-RAYS IS BLOWN IN SUPERLUMINAL JETS
l3.6 cm
1 arcsec
Vapp = 1.3c
DISTANCE = 12.5 Kpc
SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN THE GALAXY
Mirabel & Rodriguez, 1994
WITH SAME BULK LORENTZ FACTORS AS IN QSOs
1) MOVE ON THE PLANE OF THE SKY ~103 TIMES FASTER
2) JETS ARE TWO-SIDED WHICH ALLOWS TO SOLVE EQUATIONS
3) BETTER AGN AT <100 Mpc. e.g. Collimation @ 30-100 Rsh in M87 (Biretta)
GRS 1915+105: EJECTION EVENTS
VLA
(Rodriguez & Mirabel, 1999)
Also with MERLIN (Fender et al. 01)
Bulk G = (1 – b2 )-1/2 ~ 5
Fireballs
(Mezaros & Rees)
versus
Cannonballs
(Daar & De Rujula)
RELATIVISTIC ABERRATION IN
ANTISYMMETRIC TWIN JETS
Same bulk Lorentz factors as in QSOs: 2-10
Relativistic upper limit: D < 14 kpc
RELATIVISTIC METHOD FOR
DISTANCES IN ASTRONOMY
FROM PROPER MOTIONS
IF THE JETS ARE DOMINATED BY ELECTRON-PROTON PLASMA:
FROM DOPPLER FACTOR OF ION LINES
•IF ANTISYMMETRIC, THE VELOCITY, DIRECTION OF THE
JETS, & DISTANCE TO THE SOURCE CAN BE FOUND.
•BUT SPECTRAL LINES SO FAR DIFFICULT TO DETECT,
EXCEPT SS 433 WHERE H, He, AND Fe LINES ARE FOUND
1o = 60 pc
LARGE-SCALE JETS (W50/SS433)
VLA l20cm:
(Dubner, Goss, Mirabel)
ROSAT X-rays:
(Brinkmann,Aschenbach, Kawai)
CHANDRA : ARC-SEC TWO-SIDED JET OUTFLOW (Migliari & Fender)
Material half a year downstream is reheated to T > 107 K and re-accelerated
ASCA: HADRONIC JETS WITH V = 0.26c IN THE X-RAYS
Small scale version of Cygnus A ?
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF TeV NEUTRINOS (Waxman et al.; Guetta et al.)
>1016 eV protons interact with synchrotron photons  1-100 TeV neutrino emission
RECENT HIGHLIGHT FROM CHANDRA
(Presented at the fourth Microquasar workshop in Corsega…next in China)
MOVING X-RAY JETS IN THE mQSO XTE J1550-564 (Corbel et al)
• m = 21.2 +/- 7.2 mas/day
• Possible deceleration
• Synchrotron spectrum

Vapp = (0.34-0.93)c
~20 mQUASARS IN THE GALAXY
(Mirabel & Rodriguez, ARAA 1999)
HORIZON IS THE BASIC CONCEPT
THAT DEFINES A “BLACK HOLE”
But because an horizon cannot be “seen” or “touch”
it is not possible to “demonstrate” the existence of
a black hole…however during simultaneous
multiwavelength observations we found…
A STRIKING ABSCENCE OF EVIDENCE
FOR A MATERIAL SURFACE IN A
COMPACT OBJECT THAT HAS MASS
à neutrons
tcombustion > tchute
ACCRETION – JET CONNECTION
DT a MBH
MATTER RADIATING IN X-RAYS GOES BEYOND THE HORIZON ?
JETS APPEAR ~5 MIN AFTER DISAPPEARANCE OF THE INNER DISK 
ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE FOR A MATERIAL SURFACE
QSO 3C 120 AS A SCALE-UP mQSO
Marscher et al. Nature 2002
THE JETS ALSO APPEAR SHORTLY AFTER SUDDEN X-RAY DIPS
TQSO/ TmQSO ~ 5x105
whereas
MQSO/ MmQSO ~ 5x106
But these differences
are small compared
with data uncertainties
ACCRETION AND EJECTION IN 3C 120
Marscher et al. Nature 2002