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World History
Unit 3
An Age of Exchange and Encounter:
500 to A.D. 1500
Chapter 11
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks
Interact,
500 - 1500 A.D.
Section 2
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
Byzantines, Russians,
and Turks Interact, 500–1500
CHAPTER
11
Time Line
850s Byzantine culture
spreads to Russia.
500
1240 Kiev destroyed
by Mongols.
1500
527 Justinian
becomes ruler of
Byzantine Empire.
1054 Christianity
splits into Roman
Catholic and
Orthodox
branches.
1480 Ivan III ends
Mongol control of
Russia.
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
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•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To describe Byzantine politics and the rise of Emperor
Justinian.
To describe Justinian’s achievements, and life in
Constantinople.
To characterize Byzantine education.
To identify the causes of the Byzantine Empire’s collapse
To explain why the Eastern and Western churches
created two traditions.
Vocabulary: Justianian Code, Hagia Sophia, patriarch,
icon, iconoclast, excommunication, schism, Cyrillic
alphabet
The New Rome
Capital
– Constantinople
– Constantine - 330 AD
Justinian - 527 AD
– Belisarius
• recovered most of empire
– ‘New’ Caesar
• ruled state and church
• absolute power
New Rome
– Greek not Latin
– Justinian Code
• single, uniform civil law code
– 4 parts
• serves for 900 years
Life in Constantinople
Rebuilding a New Rome
– rebuilt fortress-like city
• palace
– intensive church-building
• church and state
• Hagia Sophia
– Christianity’s most splendid
– law courts, schools, hospitals
• Hippodrome
– chariot races
– riots (Theodora)
Education
– Greek and Roman literature
• Homer, Euclid, Herodotus
– girls home schooled
Byzantine Decline
Justinian’s Plague - 542 AD
– bubonic plague
• 8-12 years
– 10,000 deaths a day
Attacks
– Germanic tribes in west
• Crusades in 1204
– Slavs in the north
• Russians
– Sassanid in east
– Islam from the south
Fall
– Ottoman Turks in 1453
A Church Divided
Eastern Orthodox
– patriarch
• heads church with bishops
– icons
• religious images; banned in
east by Leo III
• iconoclasts - icon-breakers
• restored by Theodora
Roman Catholic
– excommunication
• Byzantine emperor over icons
• 1054
– pope versus patriarch
– schism
• split in two churches
• Cyrillic alphabet
– Saints Methodius and Cyril
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List Justinian’s accomplishments as emperor of the
New Rome.
Rebuilt Constantinople’s
fortifications
Conquered most of Italy
and parts of Spain
Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia
Established Justinian Code
Justinian
Built aqueducts, courts,
schools, hospitals
Encouraged trade, education
Enlarged his palace
Chapter 11
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks
Interact,
500 - 1500 A.D.
Section 2
Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
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•
•
•
Objectives
To summarize the Slavic, Greek, and Viking roots
of Russia and Russian culture.
To describe the rise and fall of the principality of
Kiev.
To explain how the Mongol invasions united
Russia and empowered Moscow.
Vocabulary: Slavs, boyars, Olga, Vladimer,
Yaroslav the Wise, Alexander Nevsky, czar
Slavic and Greek Cultures
Slavs
– people from Black Sea forests
– farmers and traders
Varangians (Rus)
– Vikings from Scandanavia
– boyars - nobles
– Novgorod
• 1st important city
– Kiev
• trade with Byzantines
Christianity
– Princess Olga
• 1st to convert
– Vladimir - 989
• Kievan Christian conversion
Kievan Russia
Yaroslav the Wise - 1019-54
– Vladimir’s son
– legal code for property /
commerce
Kievan Decline
– division of empire
– Crusade’s impact
Mongol Rise - 1200s
– Genghis Khan
– rule southern Russia 200 years
– Khanate of the Golden Horde
• Slavic obedience
• massive tribute
– Alexander Nevsky
Moscow
Saint Alexander Nevsky
– military hero; church defender
Moscow
– founded 1100
– Iine of Ivan princeships
• Ivan III - 1462-1505
– 1st czar; Caesar
• married Byzantine princess
– Ugra River
• bloodless standoff
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the effects of Mongol rule in Russia.
Nobles
Collected tribute;
put down revolts
Church
Tolerated by
Mongols;
acted
as link
between
Mongols and
Russians
People
Paid high
taxes;
developed a
devotion to
icons
Moscow
Princes
Became tax
collectors for
Mongols;
gained
control of
small
states around
Moscow
Chapter 11
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks
Interact,
500 - 1500 A.D.
Section 3
Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
Objectives
• To describe the rise of the Seljuk Turks and their
impact on Persian culture.
• To explain how internal problems and foreign
attack ended Seljuk power.
• Vocabulary: mamelukes, Seljuks, vizier, Malik
Shah
Rise of the Turks
Turks
– nomadic herders, horsemen
• fierce warriors
– mamelukes
• Turkish military slaves
– Abbasid Empire (Persian)
• after 945, religious leader only
• Seljuks
– migrated into Abbasid
• Islamic conversion (Shi’a)
– capture Baghdad
– Anatolia
• Battle of Manzikert (1071)
– courting of Persians
• strong support; influence
Seljuk Turks
Malik Shah - (1055-1092)
– last great Seljuk sultan
• vizier
– prime minister
– collection of minor kingdoms
Crusades
– 1095 Edict
• Pope Urban II
– 1099
• capture Jerusalem
– 1187
• Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
Mongols
– 1200 (Genghis Khan)
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List several events in the last 200 years
of the Abassid Empire.
756
Spain
breaks
away.
788
Morocco
breaks
away.
800
Tunisia
breaks
away.
809
Parts of
Persia
are lost.
868
Abbasids
lose control
of Egypt.
945
Baghdad
falls to
Persians.