Transcript Order Protura - Modesto Junior College

1- Order Thysanura
Species:
North America – 50
World – 700
Families:
North America - 4
Thysanura: refers to
bristletails.
(thysan, bristle or
fringe; ura, tail)
Thysanura
Bristletails are small to moderate sized.
Wingless insects with 3 slender tail like
appendages & long slim antennae.
Body is gray, brown, or white & usually
covered with scales.
They have chewing mouth parts
Nymphs undergo an ametabolous type of
development.
2- Order Collembola
Species:
North America – 650
World – 3,600
Families:
North America - 7
Collembola: refers to
collophore.
(coll, glue; embola,
wedge or peg)
Collembola
Collembola are small (less than 6mm)
Wingless
Have an unique ventral tube on the 1st.
abdominal segment & often a forked,
springing organ (furcula) on the 4th.
Abdominal segment.
They have chewing mouthparts.
Have an ametabolous type of development.
3- Order Ephemeroptera
Species:
North America – 622
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 18
Ephemeroptera:
(ephemero, short
lived, for a day; ptera,
wings)
Ephemeroptera
Winged insects with 2 to 3 long, thread like
filaments projecting from the tip of the
abdomen.
Range from 2-32mm in length.
Most have 4 membranous wings.
The hind wings are much smaller or absent.
Wings are held together upright over the
body.
A Hemimetabolous type of development.
(incomplete metamorphosis)
4- Order Odonata
Species:
North America – 413
World – 5,000
Families:
North America - 11
Odonata: refers to the
toothed mandibles
(odon, tooth)
Odonata
Adults are moderate to large predaceous
insects.
Big compound eyes, 4 abundantly veined
wings, and long slender bodies.
A Hemimetabolous type of development.
(incomplete metamorphosis)
The order Odonata is divided into 2
suborders (Anisoptera “dragonflies” and
Zygoptera “damselflies”)
5- Order Orthoptera
Species:
North America – 1,200
World – 15,000+
Families:
North America - 10
Orthoptera: Refers to
straight wings.
(ortho, straight; ptera,
wings)
Orthoptera
Most are medium to large.
Enlarged hind legs adapted to jumping.
Front wings thickened & usually narrow.
Hind wings are membranous and broad.
Chewing mouth parts.
6- Order Isoptera
Species:
North America – 39
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 4
Isoptera: refers to
equal wings.
(iso, equal;
ptera,wings)
This order is the
termites.
Isoptera
Small to medium.
Feed on wood or other dead plant material.
Chewing mouthparts.
Live in colonies consisting of 3 common
social castes (reproductive, worker, &
soldier)
7- Order Plecoptera
Species:
North America – 470
World – 1,750
Families:
North America - 9
Plecoptera: refers to
the folded posterior
region of the resting
hind wing.
(pleco, twisted or
braided; ptera,
winged)
Plecoptera
Stoneflies are small to medium (4-60mm).
Have 4 membranous wings that at rest are held flat
over the abdomen.
Front wings are narrower than hind wings.
The expanded anal lobes of the hind wings are
often folded fanlike at rest.
Long antennae are slender & many segments.
Chewing mouthparts.
Hemimetabolous type of development.
8- Order Dermaptera
Species:
North America – 18
World – 1,100+
Families:
North America - 6
Dermaptera:Refers to
skin wings
(derms, skin; ptera,
wings)
This order is earwigs
Dermaptera
Small to medium 4-26mm.
Elongated insects with a pair of forcepts
like appendages, the cerci, at the tip of the
abdomen.
Sclerotized front wings are very short,
veinless, & meet in a straight line down the
back.
Rounded hind wings folded beneath the
front .
Chewing mouthparts.
9- Order Thysanoptera
Species:
North America – 600
World – 5,000
Families:
North America - 5
Thysanoptera: refers
to fringed wings.
(thysano, fringe; ptera,
wings)
This order is the thrips.
Thysanoptera
Minute .5-5mm long.
Elongated insects that may be wingless or
have 4 narrow wings fringed with long hair.
Antennae are short.
Mouthpart form a short, conical proboscis
used for sucking liquids.
1 or 2 segmented tarsi.
10- Order Hemiptera
Species:
North America – 11,500
World – 56,000
Families:
North America - 75
Hemiptera: refers to
half wings.
(hemi, half; ptera,
wings)
Hemiptera
This order is divided into 2 suborders, sub
order Herteroptera (true bugs) and suborder
Homoptera (cicadas, aphids, scale insects,
and ect..)
Piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Usually 4 wings.
Size ranges from 1-over 100mm.
May be soft or hard bodied.
Winged or wingless.
11- Order Homoptera
Species:
North America –
World –
Families:
North America -
Neuroptera; neuro,
nerve; ptera, wings
Homoptera
Antennae very short and bristlelike; tarsi 3segmented
Antennae usually long and filiform; tarsi 1
or 2 segmented.
Antennae arising from front of head
between eyes or in front of eyes.
12- Order Neuroptera
Species:
North America – 338
World – 4600
Families:
North America - 15
Neuroptera; neuro,
nerve; ptera, wings.
Dobsonflies,
Alderflies, Snakeflies,
Lacewings, Antlions,
Matispids, and Others.
Neuroptera
Weak-flying insects with four similar,
membranous, large wings containing many
longitudinal veins and crossveins.
Adults and larvae have chewing mouthparts
and feed on other insects, insect and spider
eggs, and mites.
13- Order Coleoptera
Species:
North America – 28,000
World – 300,000+
Families:
North America - 113
Coleoptera: refers to
sheath wings.
(coleo, sheath; ptera,
wings)
This order is the Beetles.
Coleoptera
The largest order of insects.
Thickened front wings that are leathery and
soft or hard and brittle.
Sizes are from 1-200mm.
Elytra usually meet in a straight line along
the middle of the back cover most of the
longer, folded, membranous hind wings.
Chewing mouthparts.
14- Order Trichoptera
Species:
North America – 1,200
World – 10,000
Families:
North America - 18
Trichoptera: Tricho,
hair; ptera, wings.
Trichoptera
Adults ingest liquid food such as nectar and
live one to two months.
The complete life cycle requires about one
year.
Adults of most species are inactive during
the day.
Females deposit many hundreds of eggs in
gelatinous strings or masses.
15- Order Lepidoptera
Species:
North America –
World –
Families:
North America -
Lepidoptera: lepido,
scale; ptera, wings.
Lepidoptera
Adult Lepidoptera are small to large insects
with minute, often powdery-like scales that
cover the wings and body of most species.
The compound eyes are large and the
antennae are long.
The proboscis is extended to suck up liquid
food and coiled when not in use.
16- Order Diptera
Species:
North America – 1,800
World – 90,000
Families:
North America - 106
Diptera
Flies are characterized by a single pair of
membranous wings attached to an enlarged
mesothorax.
Flies range in size from less than 1 mm in
length, to 75 mm.
The compound eyes are often large.
Food consists chiefly of nectar.
17- Order Siphonaptera
Species:
North America – 275
World – 2,100
Families:
North America - 7
Siphonaptera: siphon,
tube; aptera, wingless
Siphonaptera
Adult fleas are bloodsucking ectoparasites of
mammals and to a lesser extent, birds.
Adults range in length from 1-10 mm although
most are less than 5 mm.
Wings are absent and the body is laterally
compressed giving a distinct flattened appearance.
The antennae are short, 3-segmented structures
which usually fit into grooves on the head.
18- Order Hymenoptera
Species:
North America – 17,100
World – 110,000
Families:
North America - 74
Hymenoptera:
hymeno, membrane;
ptera, wings
Hymenoptera
Range from some of the smallest known insects to
large specimens 75 mm or more in length.
Most species have four membranous wings are
smaller than the front wings and are attached to
the front wings by a row of tiny hooks on the
anterior margin.
Mouthparts are used for chewing, or for both
chewing and sucking.
19- Order Mecoptera
Species:
North America – 67
World – 451
Families:
North America - 5
Mecoptera: meco,
long; ptera, wings
Mecoptera
Scorpionflies are small to medium sized,
slender insects that typically have a
distinctly elongated face.
The face projects downward and terminates
with chewing mouthparts.
Adults feed primarily on dead insects.
20- Order Anoplura
Species:
North America – 70
World – 490
Families:
North America - 5
Anoplura: anopl,
unarmed; ura, tail
Anoplura
They are small, wingless, blood-feeding
insects that are external parasites of
mammals.
The body is flat and the head is narrower
than the prothorax.
21- Order Mallophaga
Species:
North America – 700
World – 2,900
Families:
North America - 8
Mallophaga:Refers too
wool eat.
(mallo, wool; phaga,
eat)
Mallophaga
Small .5 – 11mm.
Flat bodied.
Wingless.
External parasites.
Mouthparts modified for chewing.
Order Diplura
Species:
North America – 75
World – 500
Families:
North America - 3
Diplura refers to two
tails
(dipl, two; ura, tail)
Diplura
Diplurans are small (usually less than 7mm)
Pale insects that possess two caudal
filaments and 1 segmented tarsi
No wings, compound eyes, or scales
Mouthparts are a chewing type
Order Phasmida
Species:
North America – 27
World – 2,025
Families:
North America - 1
Phasmida: refers to
apparition, phantom
Phasmida
Large 12-178mm.
Wingless in the U.S.
Antennae are long and slender.
Prothorax is short.
Mesothorax & metathorax are very
enlongated.
Legs are long and slender.
Order Dictyoptera
Species:
North America – 80
World – 5,500
Families:
North America - 6
Dictyoptera: refers to
net wings.
(dicty, net; ptera,
wings)
Dictyoptera
Medium to large
Enlarged pronotum, legs modified for
running.
5 tarsi segments.
Front wings are thickened & the large hind
wings are membranous and folded.
Chewing mouthparts.
Nymphs have a hemimetabolous type of
development.
Order Grylloblattodea
Species:
North America – 11
World – 17
Families:
North America - 1
Grylloblattodea:
(gryll, cricket; blatta,
cockroach)
Grylloblattodea
Adults are wingless.
15-30mm long.
Antennae are moderately long.
Legs have 5 segmented tarsi.
American species have long cerci with 9
segments.
The ovipositor is sword shaped.
Order Embioptera
Species:
North America – 11
World – 200
Families:
North America - 3
Embioptera: refers to
lively wings.
(embio, lively; ptera,
wings)
Embioptera
Small 4-7mm.
Usually brown.
4 equal wings have alternating brown &
pale longitudinal bands.
Antennae are slender and 16-32 segments.
Rapid runners.
Tarsi are 3 segmented
Order Zoraptera
Species:
North America – 2
World – 24
Zoraptera: refers to
pure wingless.
(zor, pure; apters.
Wingless)
Families:
North America - 1
Originally they were
taught to be all
wingless, later that
was no the case.
Zoraptera
Minute insects 1.5 – 3mm.
Have either 4 wings or wingless.
Wings have only few veins.
Hind wings are smaller than the front.
Antennae are 9 segments.
Tarsi are 2 segments
Order Psocoptera
Species:
North America – 270
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 11
Psocoptera: (psoco,
rub small “refers to
chewing food into
powder”; pters , wings
Psocoptera
Small less than 6mm.
Winged or wingless.
4 membranous wings usually held rooflike
over the abdomen.
Chewing mouthparts.
Order Protura
Species:
North America – 20
World – 152
Families:
North America - 3
1. Apterygota: without
wings.
2. Protura: Refers to
the pointed, terminal
segments of the
abdomen.
(prot, first; ura, tail)
Protura
Proturans are minute (.5-2.0 mm)
Whitish insects that lack wings, compound eyes
and antennae.
Have a cone shaped head containing piercingsucking mouthparts.
Styli occur on the underside of the first 3
abdominal segments
The immatures have an ametabolous type of
development.