Estudio de Prefactibilidad para el Desarrollo del Cabotaje

Transcript Estudio de Prefactibilidad para el Desarrollo del Cabotaje

Short Sea Shipping in Latin America

TRB Annual Meeting Omni Shoreham Hotel Washington, DC Robert West Managing Director Global Trade & Transportation 781-301-9078

[email protected]

January 11, 2004

Agenda

• Cabotage in Central America • Cabotage in South America

Definitions

• • •

Cabotage

– Cargo and passenger traffic by sea, between ports within a country.

Regional Cabotage

– Cargo and passenger traffic by sea, between ports within an agreed region.

Feeder

– Maritime movement from one port to another where a transoceanic vessel then exports the cargo (reverse for imports).

Central America Cabotage Feasibility Study

Develop Regional Cabotage as a complementary and competitive alternative to land transport, with substantial participation in both intra-regional and extra-regional trade – through feeder services between the region’s ports, to reduce total transportation costs and increase the cargo volumes through the ports. Copyright © 2004 Global Insight, Inc 4

Ship Definitions

• • • •

Roll-On/Roll-Off (Ro/Ro)

– Ship that transports wheeled cargo over a ramp for loading/unloading. It can carry cars, busses, trucks depending on its design.

Lift-On/Lift-Off (Lo/Lo)

– Container ship, using onboard crane or land-based carne.

Roll-On/Lift-Off (Ro/Lo)

above two features.

– Ship that combines the

TEU

wenty-foot equals 2 TEU’s.

quivalent

Cabotage can be an integral part of the supply chain.

• Complements road transportation • Environmentally favorable – Less contamination – Lower road maintenance and repair costs • Ship versus rail and truck capacities (Europe): – 7,451 tons of general cargo are equivalent to: • 291 trucks, or • 10 trains, or • 1 average size RoRo Copyright © 2004 Global Insight, Inc 6

Cabotage in Central America

Not much now, but - - -

Projections – Central America

Possible Cabotage Service

Guatemala Quetzal Acajutla Honduras San Lorenzo Corinto El Salvador Nicaragua Cabotage Service Intra C.A.

Caldera Costa Rica

• Cabotage Intra C.A.

Ship: Ro/Ro

Potential Cabotage: Intra-Central America

Cabotaje Potencial por Costa

700 600 500 400 300 200

247

100

Atlántico

1998 125 Pacifico Atlantico 2010 396 201 452 230 Atlantico Pacifico 1998

125 247

373 Tons (000) 2010

201 396

597 Pacifico 2015 2015

230 452

682

• • • Commercial interchange within Central America shows some potential.

The

Pacific Coast

shows promise for intra-CA cabotage.

On the Atlantic Coast, there is not sufficient cargo for a profitable cabotage service.

Note: 1998 figures are estimates of the potential only – not actual.

Demand Summary - 2002

• Cabotage Intra C.A. - Pacífic* • Cargo S/B: 592 TEU’s / Week • Cargo N/B: 806 TEU’s / Week • Feeder C.A. – Atlántic • S/B: • N/B: – Pacífic • S/B: • N/B: 4,680 TEU’s / Week 4,942 TEU’s / Week 4,930 TEU’s / Week 6,838 TEU’s / Week

* Atlántic after 2015

Cabotage - Pacific:

• • • • • • • •

Service to each C.A. country: Proposed ship type: Transit time (R.T.): Ship capacity: Average ship utilization: Ship speed in service: Number of ships: Market potential: N/B: S/B: Weekly RO-RO 7 days 264 TEUs 80% 15 knots 1 Ship 806 TEUs/Week 592 TEUs/Week

Once up and running, the Pacific cabotage service would be profitable.

•

Revenue

$64 million, including land portion

•

Costs $47 million , including land portion

•

Profit $17 million

Cooperation with the truckers - Experience in Other Countries

• Cabotage is

complementary

, not competitive •

Compatibility

of land and sea equipment • Contractual

flexibility

– European experience between sea and truck: •

Involvement

Possible Feeder Services

Servicio Feeder Centroamericano Atlántico Santo Tomás A Manzanillo* Quetzal Acajutla Cortés San Lorenzo Corinto Caldera Limón/ Moín Servicio Feeder Centroamericano Pacífico Colón Balboa

• Feeder Atlántic • Feeder Pacífic

Ship: Lo/Lo

Potential Cargo for Feeder Services Global Insight examined the potential markets, excluding services to the US where there are direct services. Also, liquid and dry bulks were excluded.

• • •

Europe

CA-Europe has few direct services.

Trade with Europe could be transshipped in Panama or in a Caribbean port.

Of the 3 markets, Europe is the biggest and fastest growing.

• •

Asia-Australia

All the trade with Asia is through the Pacific Coast.

The trade with Asia could be transshipped in Balboa or in Manzanillo, México.

•

Rest of the World

Other markets Exports: 21% Pacífic, 19% Atlántic Imports: 7% Pacífic, 33% Atlántic

6 millon tons 2000 Pacific Atlantic

Feeder on the Atlantic – Central America

• Service in all CA nations, and Panama: Weekly • Proposed ship type:

LO-LO

• Transit Time (RT):

7 días

• Ship capacity:

1,130 Teu’s

• Average ship utilization: • Ship speed in service: • No. Ships in initial service: • Potencial del Mercado:

S/B: N/B: 50% 16 knots (Cap.18) 1 ship 4,680 Teu’s/Week 4,942 Teu’s/Week

In the first full year of operation, the Pacific Feeder service would be profitable.

•

Revenue

$78 million, including land portion

•

Costs $56 million , including land portion

•

Profit $22 million

Combination Feeder Cabotage on the Pacífic A Manzanillo* Quetzal Acajutla San Lorenzo Corinto Servicio de Cabotaje Intra C.A.

Caldera Servicio Feeder Centroamericano Pacífico

Incluye los mismos puertos de Intra C.A.

Balboa Ship: Ro/Lo * The Pacific Feeder service could transship in Manzaillo, Mexico, or in Balboa, Panama.

Combination Feeder Cabotage on the Pacífic

• Service in all CA nations, incl Panama: Weekly • Ship proposed for service:

RO-LO

• Transit Time:

9 days

• Ship Capacity: • Average ship utilization: • Ship speed in service: • Number of Ships: • Market Potential:

N/B: S/B: 7,644 5,522 1.130 TEUs 72% 16 knots 1 vessel (3 future) Teus/Week Teus/Week Also Profitable

Considerations – Central American cabotage

• The financial results are for a combined land-sea operation, with common ownership. • Reducing the costs of land transport by 10% would improve the profitability of the cabotage service by $3 million.

• The 5 countries must work AS A REGION with unified regulations and treatment of cabotage as a unifying effort.

Panamá and México

• Panamá. A member of CAUCA but not a signatory to the Multilateral Treaty or to CAFTA (2004). Cabotage is not an important factor in the consideration of an international treaty, but at the same time, this indicates the necessity to give cabotage an independent treatment.

• México. Represents another important element because of the Plan Puebla-Panamá proposal and because of the trade agreements, either current or in prepartion, between México and the Central American nations.

Maersk-Sealand already operates a related service.

Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Each regional block has its own criteria for controlling, or opening, local and international navigation. The EU is the most “open” for cabotage and international traffic.

CABOTAGE TRAFFIC ANDEAN NAFTA MERCOSUR CEN AMER EUROPEAN UNION Controlled Controlled Controlled Controlled Open Regional INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC Open To all Open Partial Open Partial Open To all Open To all

Cabotage in South America

Great possibilities – Many problems

South American Cabotage -2000 Tons (000) Argentina Bolivia Brasil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela TOTAL Dry Bulk

2.355

18 13.570

3.061

n/d n/d n/d 351 3.122

n/d 0 n/d 22.480

General Cargo

412 6 1.761

1.186

456 n/d n/d 0 316 n/d 0 n/d 4.140

Liquid Bulk

14.939

33 52.096

6.855

n/d 2.289

n/d 0 418 n/d 112 n/d 76.743

Total

17.707

57 67.428

11.103

456 2.289

n/d 351 3.857

n/d 112 n/d

103.356

Intra-MERCOSUR Trade

THIS is not route allowed.

Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Global Networks

Maersk-Sealand Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Maersk-Sealand operates in this international route, with Buenos Aires as the final destination, in order to avoid the legal restrictions on cabotage.

Global Networks

Evergreen Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Global Networks

Lykes Lines Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Question

If it were possible, would the international services carry cargo from San Antonio to Iquique?

Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Ship capacity connecting Chile ports with other South American ports.

Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Intra-Andean Pact Trade (CAN)

THIS route is also not allowed.

Source: Jan Hoffman, UN

Advantages of a Regional Agreement

• Less international cargo on the highways • More options and frequencies for the customers • Lower transport costs • Advantage of the regional fleet over the extra-regional • More port traffic • Larger regional integration Copyright © 2004 Global Insight, Inc 34

Example: European Union

Factsheet 4.5.8.: “ Regulation 4055/86 applies the principle of open delivery of services for maritime transport among Member Countries and between Member Countries and third parties .” Copyright © 2004 Global Insight, Inc 35

For CAN, this would mean - - -

Open Regional Cabotage Open International Trade

as well as pure cabotage and feedering.

Also Open?

“Feedering”

...even cabotage by international lines.

International Lines would carry cargo between Buenaventura & Cartagena

Conclusions

•

Cabotage needs special treatment

– Regulatory aspects: • customs, legislation and regulation – Appropriate installations in the ports – Special tariff treatment at the ports – Definition of the appropriate enterprise (business structure) – Harmonization with road transport Copyright © 2004 Global Insight, Inc 39

Short Sea Shipping in Latin America

TRB Annual Meeting Omni Shoreham Hotel Washington, DC Robert West Managing Director Global Trade & Transportation 781-301-9078

[email protected]

January 11, 2004

Estudio de Prefactibilidad para el Desarrollo del Cabotaje

Transcript Estudio de Prefactibilidad para el Desarrollo del Cabotaje

Short Sea Shipping in Latin America

Agenda

• Cabotage in Central America • Cabotage in South America

Definitions

Ship Definitions

Cabotage in Central America

Projections – Central America

Possible Cabotage Service

Potential Cabotage: Intra-Central America

Demand Summary - 2002

Possible Feeder Services

Panamá and México

Cabotage in South America

Intra-MERCOSUR Trade

Global Networks

Global Networks

Global Networks

Question

Intra-Andean Pact Trade (CAN)

Example: European Union

For CAN, this would mean - - -

...even cabotage by international lines.

Short Sea Shipping in Latin America

Directory