The Political Machine - Big Walnut Middle School
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Transcript The Political Machine - Big Walnut Middle School
Chapter 7 section 3 Pgs 3474-234234
Consider the following changes that occurred in the United
States in the late 19th century:
• Increases in immigration
• Widespread industrialization
• Improvements in agricultural technology
What was one result of these developments during this
time period?
A. the growth of large cities
B. the decline of labor unions
C. the spread of plantation agriculture
D. the construction of interstate highways
Period of Greed and self-
indulgence coined by Mark Twain
Era marred by rise of political
machines and corruption
Represented the growing gap
between the few rich people and
the many poor people
A political machine is a power structure in rapidly
growing cities that had limited or insufficient
government.
Offered services and favors to voters and businesses in
exchange for political and financial support.
Political Boss- controlled access to municipal jobs,
business licenses, and influenced the courts.
Immigrants would help political bosses get re-elected
in exchange for assistance attaining citizenship.
City Bosscontrolled all the
political activity in
the city
Ward Boss-Secured vote
for city boss by doing
favors or providing
services for the poor.
Local Precinct workers
(Captains)- Gained support on a
city block or in a neighborhood
Once a political machine got into office it would take
advantage of the opportunities for GRAFT…The illegal
use of political influence for personal gain
Examples:
Getting a city job for a “friend”
Kickbacks
Favors to allow illegal activity…on the take.
Until 1890 police forces were hired and fired by the
political bosses making it easy to get away with shady
dealings.
William Tweed…head of Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall –New York City’s most powerful
and corrupt political machine.
Ex. New York County Courthouse scandal
Thomas Nast- political cartoonist that created
public awareness about the corruption in
Tammany Hall
Patronage(spoils system)-giving govt. jobs to people
who assisted with getting a candidate elected.
After Garfield’s assassination the Pendleton Service
Act was passes under Chester Arthur that made
appointments to federal jobs through a merit system
of performance and examination.
Made public admin jobs more efficient and honest.
Rutherford B. Hayes
• President whose election ended Reconstruction and led to
the start of civil service reform.
James Garfield
• Ohioan who supported reform of Patronage, was elected
president, and was assassinated.
Chester A. Arthur
• Vice-President who took over after the above president was
killed. He became a reformer. Passed Pendleton C.S.A.
Grover Cleveland
• Only president to serve nonconsecutive terms.
He wanted to reduce tariffs.
Benjamin Harrison
• Won Presidential election with promise to
raise tariffs
• Received financial support from big businesses
Why did political machine politics
become common in cities in the late
19th century?
What government problems arose as a
result of patronage?
What were the views of Grover
Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on
tariffs?