Transcript DID REFORM MOVEMENTS CHANGE THE DYNAMIC IN THE CITIES? SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in.

DID REFORM MOVEMENTS
CHANGE THE DYNAMIC IN
THE CITIES?
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform
American society and politics in the Progressive Era.
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b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the
role of women in reform movements.
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d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
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e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as
the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of
senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living
conditions for the poor in cities.
Reforms she is associated with include
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Kindergarten movement
Hull House
Fought for child labor laws
one of the thirteen buildings
that comprised the campus
of Hull-House
Jane Addams won the Nobel Peace
Prize in in 1931 for her work with the
Women's International League for
Peace and Freedom.
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PLUNKITT OF TAMMANY HALL IS A PRIMARY
SOURCE, BUT IT IS A COMPLICATED SOURCE.
ARE ALL THE WORDS AND COMMENTS JUST AS
G.W. PLUNKITT SAID THEM OR WHICH PARTS
DID WILLIAM RIORDAN ADD?
How does the last paragraph of Jane Addams’
“Why The Ward Boss Rules” (another primary
source pp. 117-122) acknowledge the views of
Plunkitt? Would you expect these words from a
“reformer?”
“By these means the Tammany district leader
reaches out into the homes of his district, keeps
watch not only on the men, but also on the
women and children; knows their needs, their
likes and dislikes, their troubles and their
hopes, and places himself in a position to use
his knowledge for the benefit of his
organization and himself. Is it any wonder that
scandals do not permanently disable Tammany
and that it speedily recovers from what seems
to be crushing defeat?”
http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/us/
chapters/CHAPTER%206.htm
1940
“If we would hold to our political democracy,
some pains must be taken to keep on common
ground in our human experiences, and to some
solidarity in our ethical conceptions. And if we
discover that men of low ideals and corrupt
practice are forming popular political standards
simply because such men stand by and for and
with the people, then nothing remains but to
obtain a like sense of identification before we
can hope to modify ethical standards.”
http://www.usd116.org/ProfDev/AHTC/activities/addams_boss.pdf
Data on urban development in NYC and other major
U.S. cities 1860-1920 from previous TAH discussions.

“New York City is Pie for the Hayseeds” p. 59-61
“This city is ruled entirely by the hayseed legislators
at Albany...The hayseeds think we are like the
Indians to the National Government—that is sort of
wards of the state, who don’t know how to look after
ourselves and have to be taken care of by the
Republicans of ...other backwoods counties.
‘New York City is a nice big fat goose.’
...my dock was stolen.”
“I seen my opportunities and
I took ‘em.”
p. 49
(Honest Graft and Dishonest Graft)

Lots of Hunters After a Very Sick Tiger
Puck 1893
George Washington Plunkitt understands
the issues of the day. Can we learn what
they are from him?
 “The Curse of Civil Service Reform” (p. 54-57)
1)Why is civil service reform so disliked by
Plunkitt? Why is the spoils system so important
to him?
2) Who is his audience, and would they agree that
“this great and glorious country was built up by
political parties?”
3) Why does he make references to becoming like
Russia or a czar or sultan “turning up?” (p. 55 &
57)
“On The Use of Money in Politics” (pp 88-90)
In the process of running for President
in the 2012 election, where do parties
and candidates obtain campaign
money?
 Where did parties and candidates
find campaign money according to
Plunkitt?
 What did Plunkitt see as important
expenses for campaigns?
 Why did reformers want to pass laws such as the
initiative, recall and referendum? The Pendleton Act?

Samuel P. Hays “Reform in Municipal
Government” (p. 297)
“Reformers, therefore, wished not simply to
replace bad men with good; they proposed to
change the occupational and class origins of
decision-makers…
equalization of political power through the
primary, direct election of public officials, and
the initiative, referendum
and recall…
Far more important…
innovations which
centralized decision-making
in the hands of fewer and
fewer people.”
Tammany Tiger Loose
Nast/ Harpers Weekly 1871
 Lincoln
Steffens Exposes
“Tweed Days in St. Louis”
Source: Lincoln Steffens,
The Shame of the Cities,
American Century Series
(New York: McClure,
Philips & Co., 1904; Hill
and Wang, 1957), 19–41.
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5733/
“On ‘The Shame Of The
Cities” (p. 64)

“I ain’t no looter. The
looter hogs it. I never
hogged. I made my pile
in politics, but at the same
time, I served the
organization and got more
big improvements for New
York City than any other livin’
man. And I never monkeyed
with the penal code.”


Tammany Hall
P. 65 = Comparison of Philadelphia where Americans” rule
(more corrupt) vs. NYC where the Irish rule.

Corroboration exercise: (pp113-114)
Two reviews of the “series of plain talks.”
 Brief
Plunkitt biography (p. 105)
 Anti-Plunkitt election pamphlets (pp. 109110)
 Lincoln Steffens, “New York: Good
Government in Danger” (pp. 123-134)
 Plunkitt Chronology (p. 135-136)
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Tammany depended for its power on government contracts, jobs,
patronage, corruption, and ultimately the ability of its leaders to
swing the popular vote. The last element weakened after 1940 with
the decline of relief programs like WPA and CCC that Tammany
used to gain and hold supporters. Congressman Christopher
"Christy" Sullivan was one of the last "bosses" of Tammany Hall
before its collapse.
Tammany never recovered, but it staged a small scale come-back in
the early 1950s under the leadership of Carmine DeSapio, who
succeeded in engineering the elections of Robert Wagner, Jr. as
mayor in 1953 and Averell Harriman as state governor in 1954, while
simultaneously blocking his enemies, especially Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Jr. in the 1954 race for state Attorney General.
Eleanor Roosevelt organized a counterattack with Herbert Lehman
and Thomas Finletter to form the New York Committee for
Democratic Voters, a group dedicated to fighting Tammany. In 1961,
the group helped remove DeSapio from power. The once mighty
Tammany political machine, now deprived of its leadership, quickly
faded from political importance, and by the mid-1960s it ceased to
exist.
1955
The Sage of Tammany Hall
By EDWARD T. O'DONNELL
Published: August 28, 2005
 http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/nyr
egion/thecity/28plun.html
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A resident artist of Hull House, extracting from Addams' central theory on symbolic
interactionism, used the neighborhood and its people to write his 1948 best seller,
Knock on Any Door.
Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/jane-addams#ixzz1ntpwvXgV
(see “Legacy” section in web site.)
“KNOCK ON ANY DOOR presents in stark detail a picture of both early twentieth
century sociological theory and the pre-Warren Court criminal justice system. The
first 343 pages can readily be used as a case study against which to analyze and
critique contemporary sociological, psychological, and philosophical views of the
relationship between environment and criminal behavior in its many permutations,
especially juvenile justice. (Heffernan and Kleinig). The last 160 pages can serve
as a benchmark or initial position from which to measure the impact of the Warren
Court criminal justice decisions on police and court practices. (Thomas). They
could thus serve as a case study in courses in criminology, constitutional law, and
political sociology.”
http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/motley0408.htm
Humphrey Bogart and John Derek starred in the 1949 film.
[Director Nicholas Ray would later expand on themes touched upon in” Knock on a
Any Door” in his juvenile delinquent "chef d'oeuvre" Rebel without a Cause. Read
more: http://www.answers.com/topic/knock-on-any-door-1#ixzz1ntp57mOQ]
The Toulmin
Model of
Argument –
revised
(the components
for the analysis
of an assertion)
Claim: the position or claim being argued for; the
conclusion of the argument.
 Grounds: reasons or supporting evidence that bolster
the claim.
 Warrant: the principle, provision or chain of
reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the
claim.
 Backing: support, justification, reasons to back up the
warrant.
 Rebuttal/Reservation: exceptions to the claim;
description and rebuttal of counter-examples and
counter-arguments.
 Qualification: specification of limits to claim, warrant
and backing. The degree of conditionality asserted.

 http://pdfcast.org/pdf/toulmin-model-of-
argumentation
 You
can download this PPT (pdf) that
offers a basic explanation of the Toulmin
Model.
 The links on the last page of the PPT offer
further explanation