Transcript Slide 1

The PIPRA model:
Collaborative management
of public sector IP
INNOVA workshop
Stockholm, Sweden
Gregory D. Graff, PhD
PIPRA
February 2, 2006
INNOVA workshop
Overview
• IP in agricultural R&D
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The problem: technology access for non-market applications
The solution: PIPRA
Four areas of activity
Structure of the organization
• Translating the model into R&D for neglected diseases?
• Key issues and conclusions
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INNOVA workshop
The problem:
Access to IP for small and non-market crops
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Little application of new biotechnologies to improve genetics in ‘neglected’ crops
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Constraints on access to IP for development of “average” small market/non-market products
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small market specialty crops
non-market ‘humanitarian’ applications in subsistence crops
patent proliferation
fragmentation, a typical project requires IP controlled by multiple owners
lack of awareness, capacity
uncertainty
transaction costs
high licensing costs
refusals to deal
Constraints on out-licensing IP for academic/public sector
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Excessive use of “exclusivity” tied up key enabling technologies
Very small field of potential commercial licensees with FTO
Fragmentation: no single institution can provide a development partner with full set of IP to ensure FTO
Large proportion of patents unlicensed
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A solution:
Coordinating public sector “technology providers”
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Public research universities and institutes
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Generate 25 percent of the IP in the agbio technology space
Share common goals to advance agriculture and benefit the public
Source: Graff et al, Nature
Biotechnology, 2003
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PIPRA, the Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture
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Self initiated, growing ‘organically’, internally supported by administrations, researchers, and tech transfer
A commitment to manage IP to facilitate broadest possible application
Coordinated by a small professional staff engaged in ‘scaleable’ activities
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PIPRA activities: 4 platforms
Each platform builds upon the previous ones:
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IP data and analysis
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Education, outreach, and advising on IP management and strategy
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Development and dissemination of “unencumbered” research tools
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Collaborative marketing and pooling of member institutions’ IP
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IP data and analysis:
Looking before we leap
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PIPRA database
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FTO analyses
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Background research by PIPRA staff
When needed, opinions obtained pro bono from leading IP attorneys of the PIPRA affiliates network
What is essential for FTO with a particular technology component?
Field of technology landscapes (horizontal view, across published technologies)
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Integrated view of all member institutions’ agricultural IP, country by country
Includes licensing status, fields of use (i.e. availability)
Contact information of responsible manager at member OTT
What technologies can be accessed from public sector/PIPRA institutions?
Integrating research literature and patent literature
Who has published/claimed what across a broad area?
R&D pipeline analyses (vertical view, down the development pipeline)
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Integrating research and patent literature with product development data (fieldtrials, regulatory)
Who is moving what types of technologies toward market?
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Education, outreach, & advising
Being a guide through the patent thicket
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Audiences:
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PIPRA member OTT staff and researchers
Research sponsors
Potential licensees/users of IP
IP policy makers and institutional capacity builders in developing countries
Education:
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Consultations
Workshops
Presentations
Website and newsletters
MIHR/PIPRA licensing handbook
PIPRA white papers
Peer reviewed publications
IP course curriculum development
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Development of research tools:
Responding to common IP needs with tangible solutions
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Plant transformation vectors project (2006-2009)
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Designs based on accessibility of IP
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Pre-negotiated to assure
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research use
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humanitarian use
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reasonable terms for conversion to commercial license
Maximize use of technology components owned by PIPRA members
Remainder of components from industry on defined terms
Sufficiently broad technical characterization to enable wide range of crop R&D
To be demonstrated in pilot projects
To be broadly disseminated under unified, standardized MTA
Potential for other kinds of research tools
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Collaborative licensing:
Creating an IP clearinghouse to facilitate licensing
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Marketing
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Leveraging the PIPRA database, IP analyses, and technology/industry expertise of PIPRA staff
Outreach materials highlight accessible technologies
Fielding inquiries from industry and “matchmaking”
Inclusion of technology components in developing PIPRA research tools
Potential for much more proactive marketing
Patent Pooling
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Where complementarity requires coordination
Initially, coordinating IP around PIPRA research tools
Potential for extension into other areas
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How PIPRA helps small market
technology development in agriculture
Public sector agbio IP
‘portfolio’
Product
Development
Partnerships
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PIPRA structure
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Consortium of member institutions
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Governance
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Provided as ‘in-kind’ support by UC Davis
Staff
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Rockefeller Foundation
Funded projects
Facilities
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Executive Committee, drawn from member institutions
Campus Advisory Board
Funding
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Currently 32
Join by signing the PIPRA Memorandum of Understanding
Currently no fees
Executive Director
Principals (PhD/JD level)
Analysts, Interns, Support Staff
Affiliates network
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IT/patent data firms
Law firms and law schools
Others
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PIPRA members (as of Jan 2006)
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Arizona State University, as represented by
Arizona Technology Enterprises LLC
Boyce Thompson Institute
Cornell University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Fundación Chile, Chile
Iowa State University
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT), Mexico
International Potato Center (CIP), Peru
International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI), Philippines
Kansas State University
Michigan State University
North Carolina State University
Ohio State University
Parco Technologico Padano, Italy
Purdue University
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Salk Institute
St. Augustine University of Tanzania
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
State University of New Jersey, Rutgers
University of Arizona
University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture
University of California-Berkeley
University of California-Davis
University of Florida
University of Georgia Research Foundation
University of Idaho
University of Kentucky
University of Missouri-Columbia
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
University of Wisconsin,
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Virginia Tech,
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Washington State University
INNOVA workshop
PIPRA member institutions
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PIPRA’s Network of Affiliates
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Townsend and Townsend and Crew
Morrison and Foerster
DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary
Harness, Dickey, and Pierce
Foley Hoag
Edwards and Angell
Baker and McKenzie
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Public Interest IP Advisors (PIIPA)
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Washington University School of Law
Franklin Pierce Law School
CIP, Chalmers and Gothenberg Universities
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M-CAM.com
Reel2.com
February 2, 2006
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LightYears IP
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Center for Application of Molecular Biology in
International Agriculture (CAMBIA), Australia
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African Agricultural Technology Foundation
(AATF)
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Instituto de Direito do Comercio International e
Desenvolvimento (IDCID), Brazil
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Possibilities for applying this model to
R&D for neglected diseases?
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Wider scope of technologies for human health:
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Vaccines
Drugs/biologics
Diagnostics
Devices
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Control over “background” and “foreground” IP plays an important role in PDPs for neglected
diseases (Moran et al, 2005)
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Variable capacity for IP management among PDPs
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Some quite sophistocated
Others not so
Academic research already an important source of IP for PDPs (Moran et al, 2005)
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1/3 of neglected drug PDP spending goes to academics
1/3 of PDP projects involve translating academic leads into neglected disease drugs
‘PDP’ still a new model,
not yet applied to many potential technology developments.
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Possibilities for applying this model to
a regional system of universities?
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Scalable services to assist local/on campus offices
– data management
– professional services
– market analysis
– IP marketing
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Active or preferential ‘matchmaking’ with regional entrepreneurs and
regional public-private technology development consortia
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Collaborative representation of regional technology out-licensors on the
global technology market
– Define and set best practices in out licensing
– Representation at international events
– Establish satellite offices: London, Beijing, San Francisco
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Supporting Materials
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PIPRA’s 2005-2006 Executive Committee
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Gerard Barry
Golden Rice Network Coordinator
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
E-mail: [email protected]
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John Byatt
Associate Director, Life Sciences
University of Florida
E-mail: [email protected]
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Carlos Fernandez
Fundación Chile
E-mail: [email protected]
Lisa Lorenzen
Director of Industry Relations & Biotechnology
Liaison
Iowa State University
Email: [email protected]
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Henry Lowendorf
Associate Director
Office of Cooperative Research
Yale University
Email: [email protected]
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Irvin Mettler
Senior Licensing Officer
Office of Technology Licensing
University of California-Berkeley
E-mail: [email protected]
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Karel Schubert
Vice President, Technology Management & Science
Administration
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
E-mail: [email protected]
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PIPRA Staff and Contact Information
PIPRA
Plant Reproductive Biology
Building Extension Center
Drive
University of California
Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 5
Davis, CA 95616-8780
Tel: +1 (530) 754-6717
Fax: +1 (530) 752-2278
Alan Bennett, Executive Director
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (530) 754-1411
Sara Boettiger, Program Manager
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (530) 754-6725
Cecilia Chi-Ham, Research Scientist
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (530) 754-6717
Josef Geoola, IP analyst
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (530) 754-6717
Gregory Graff, Research Economist
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (530) 752-2705
www.pipra.org
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References
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Gregory D. Graff, Susan E. Cullen, Kent J Bradford, David Zilberman, and Alan B. Bennett, “The
Public-Private Structure of Intellectual Property Ownership in Agricultural Biotechnology,”
Nature Biotechnology, 21(9), September 2003, 989-995
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Amy Kapczynski, Samantha Chaifetz, Zachary Katz, and Jochai Benkler, “Addressing Global
Health Inequities: An Open Licensing Approach for University Innovations,” Berkeley
Technology Law Journal, 20(2), Spring 2005, 1032-1114
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Mary Moran, Anne-Laure Ropars, Javier Guzman, Jose Diaz, and Christopher Garrison, The New
Landscape of Neglected Disease Drug Development, Pharmaceutical R&D Policy Project,
London School of Economics, The Wellcome Trust: London, September 2005
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Lori Pressman, Richard Burgess, Robert M Cook-Deegan, Stephen J McCormack, Io Nami-Wolk,
Melissa Soucy, and LeRoy Walters, “The Licensing of DNA Patents by US Academic
Institutions: an Empirical Study,” Nature Biotechnology, 24(1), January 2006, 31-39
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