Transcript Information Management - Regional Environmental Center

Workshop on Clean Fuels and Vehicles
Regional Research on Status of Clean Fuels and
Vehicles
Szentendre, 25-26th October 2005
Ruslan Zhechkov, REC
This project is financed by The Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning
and the Environment (VROM)
Project
• Funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial
Planning and the Environment (VROM – www.vrom.nl)
• Goals: improve national capacity for developing of
national strategies and programmes for improvement of
quality of vehicle fuels through:
- country research
- exchange of experience – status, policies, etc.
- identification of follow up measures and needs on a
country and regional level
- synergies with a similar UNEP/US EPA project covering
CEE countries and Turkey
www.rec.org
Background
• Covered countries – Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Romania and Serbia and Montenegro
• Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV)
• Building upon SILAQ – Sofia Initiative on Local Air Quality
– launched in 1995 at Environment for Europe
Conference
• SILAQ focus – promotion of unleaded gasoline and
reduction of sulphur and particulate emissions
• SILAQ countries – Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia
• REC’s role – secretarial support to SILAQ Working Group
www.rec.org
SILAQ Conclusions
Key issues needed to be addressed:
• Ability of domestic refineries to supply unleaded
gasoline;
• Use of unleaded gasoline by local vehicles;
• Awareness of the public as to the applicability of
unleaded gasoline.
One of the goals of the workshop is to share
possible solutions to these problems!
www.rec.org
SILAQ Recommendations
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Public information and outreach campaigns regarding the applicability of unleaded
gasoline in older cars;
Awareness raising with regard to the health benefits of lead phase-out;
Exchange of experiences with other countries;
Needs assessment for the development and use of non-lead lubricating additives;
Research into the feasibility of using unleaded gasoline in cars with soft exhaust
valve seats;
Ensuring access to the necessary financial support for refinery modernization;
Technological development of refineries;
Introduction and enforcement of vehicle emissions and gasoline standards;
Modernization of the control system for periodic technical inspection of vehicles;
Fitting of cars with catalytic converters and other pollution control devices;
Development of the production and distribution systems to improve the supply of
unleaded gasoline and lubricating additives;
Implementation of policy incentives to increase the market share of unleaded
gasoline and speed up the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline;
Requirements for lead phase-out in the privatization of refineries.
www.rec.org
Assessment methodology
• Timing – May-July, 2005
• Based on a common questionnaire
• Baseline year – 2003
Questionnaire includes 5 main chapters:
• Personal Information
• Country Specific Data
• Air Quality
• Fuel Quality
• Vehicle Emissions
www.rec.org
Basic data
Country
Total consumption
of crude oil (in
barrels)
Sulphur content of
crude oil
Energy
consumption by
transport (tones of
oil equivalent)
Albania
2,735,500
N/A
N/A
Bulgaria
44,134,9240
2,281,000
BiH
7,342,974
N/A
Croatia
32,000,000
1,790,000
Macedonia
8,938,260
1-1.2%
Romania
82,448,400
N/A
SCG
24,255,000
3-4%
Turkey
129,114,545
3,541,000
(2000)
1,588,000
12,396,000
www.rec.org
Air Quality
• Institutions – Ministries of Environment, Ministries
of Health, Inspectorates, Institutes
• Legislation – recent Air Protection Acts,
subsidiary legislation in process of adoption; BG
and RO transposed EU Directives
• Primary air pollutant criteria standards – targets
similar to EU or slightly stricter (SCG, BiH)
• Annual emissions of pollutants in ambient air –
missing info in AL, SCG
www.rec.org
Fuel Quality (1)
• Institutions for fuel quality control. Problems:
- few or no independent authorized laboratories;
- lack of testing equipment, personnel in labs;
- Illegal practices in the chain b/n refinery and car tank
- lack of fuel for state-of-the-art cars.
Need for:
- strengthening the institutions in charge of monitoring and reporting
including independent labs;
- opening markets for foreign producers;
- Others???
Legislation: no transposition yet except BG and RO which transposed:
Council regulation 2964/95 on registration of crude oil imports and
deliveries; EC Dir. 98/70/EC on quality of petrol and diesel fuels; EC
Dir. 2003/17/EC amending 98/70/EC
www.rec.org
FQ (2) – sulphur and lead content in petrol
and diesel – national specifications
Country
Nat. specif. (max)
(mg/kg) – S in petrol
Nat. specif. (max)
(mg/kg) – S in diesel
Nat. specif. (max) (g/l)
– Pb in petrol
Albania
150
500
0.005
Bulgaria
150 (50 after 1/1/2007)
350 (50 after 1/1/2007)
0.005
BiH
150
350
0.005
Croatia
150
350
0.005
Macedonia
150
350
0.013
Romania
150
350
0.005
SCG
2,000
10,000
0.020
Turkey
150 (500 until 2007)
350 (7,000 until 2007)
0.005
www.rec.org
FQ (s) – lead content in petrol – current
status
Countries
Status
Albania
Ban planned for 2005 – actions?
Bulgaria
Leaded petrol banned in 01/2004.
BiH
Ban planned for 2010 – actions?
Croatia
80% unleaded now; ban planned for 1/2006.
Macedonia
12/2004 decrease of lead content (leaded petrol) from 0.6 g/l
to 0.15 g/l and from 0.02 g/l to 0.013 g/l in unleaded. Ban
planned for 2006 – actions?
Romania
SCG
1/1/2006 new quality unleaded fuel will be available on the
market.
Turkey
Complete ban planned for 2006.
www.rec.org
Fuel Quality Standards
Countries
Standards
Albania
In the phase of the preparation of the new standards
according to 98/70/EC
Bulgaria
EU standards applied. Petrol: SR EN 228:2004; Diesel
SR EN 590:2004
Croatia
Not in compliance with EU standards. New regulation
is being prepared.
Macedonia
Partially harmonized with EU Dir. 98/70/EC. Entered
into force in 12/2004. Proposal for new standards for
unleaded petrol 98+ and EKO diesel.
Romania
EU standards applied. Petrol: SR EN 228:2004; Diesel
SR EN 590:2004
SCG
For unleaded gasoline from 01.01.2006 the quality will
be according the standard EN 228.
Turkey
Regulation TS 228, based on EN 228 of 98/70/EC will
completely ban the use of leaded gasoline in 2006.
www.rec.org
Promotion of environmentally friendly fuels
Countries
Measures
Albania
Ban of leaded petrol, tax differentiation and use of
subsidies are in the approval phase
Bulgaria
1.5 million EUR from budget going for sulphur content
reduction
BiH
Plan to phase out leaded petrol after 2010
Croatia
Macedonia
Master plan for phasing out of leaded petrol; Unleaded
petrol is 7% cheaper; Public awareness campaign
launched.
Romania
SCG
New quality unleaded fuel will be available on the
market; No price differences between fuels.
Turkey
Complete ban of leaded petrol in 2006.
www.rec.org
Vehicle emissions
Country
Number of
vehicles
Albania
274,652
Bulgaria
3,165,279
BiH
731,000
Croatia
1,461,000
Macedonia
444,000
Romania
3,318,208
SCG
1,801,000
Turkey
7,806,000
• Diesel passenger cars 10%-30%
BiH (>50%), SCG (>30%)
• LDV, HDV, buses – mostly diesel
• Little info on converters - BiH
(57%), SCG (30%)
• Old fleet – mostly 11-20 years,
few new ones – BG (36%, >20
years)
• Own production – Romania,
SCG and Turkey
• Limitations on import (age cap
BiH, Macedonia, SCG)
www.rec.org
Promotion of environment friendly vehicles
Countries
Measures
Albania
Bulgaria
Differentiation of customs fees acc. To age
BiH
Age limit
Croatia
EURO III engine installed for new cars and EURO II –
for used cars; Fee structure favours newer cars
Macedonia
Age limit
Romania
Only EURO III motor vehicles.
SCG
Age limit
Turkey
State subsidy for banning cars older than 30 years.
www.rec.org
Issues to be addressed during workshop
(1)
• Each country present and planned activities in studied
topics, especially lead phase-out and sulphur reduction
• Refineries’ ability to produce cleaner fuels – financial
implications
• Public awareness on health benefits from lead phase-out.
Measures?
• Institutional reform air quality, fuel quality. Is it needed?
What kind?
• Air quality and fuel quality legislation. EU Directives?
Planning of transposition efforts? Political will?
www.rec.org
Issues to be addressed during workshop
(2)
• Fuel quality control – laboratories, testing
equipment
• Policy incentives to increase the market share of
unleaded gasoline and speed up the complete
phase-out of leaded gasoline
• Specific approach to phasing out leaded gasoline
– good examples. How is it done?
• Promotion of environmentally friendly vehicles –
innovative policies.
www.rec.org
How?
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Share good and bad country experiences
Brainstorm on what has to be done
Draft a list of follow up steps and actions
Discuss financial needs, capacity building needs
Complete research data where it is missing!
www.rec.org