Transcript OAD313 Computer Applications in Business II: Introduction

SOC123G Social Problems:
Unit 3
Population
Saturday, July 18,
2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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Unit 3:
Population
References
Greenberg, S. (2001, April 23). The rise of the only child. Newsweek.
Retrieved June 4, 2001 from the World Wide Web:
http://stacks.msnbc.com/news/559582.asp?cp1=1
Mooney, L. A., Knox, D., & Schacht, C. (1998). Understanding social
problems. Cincinnati, OH: Wadsworth.
Wang, B. L. C. (1985). Population of hunger. In C. P. De Santo and M. M.
Poloma (Eds.), Social problems: Christian Perspectives (pp. 285-286).
Winston-Salem, NC: Hunter Textbooks
Saturday, July 18,
2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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Devotions
So God created man in his own image, in the
image of God he created him; male and
female he created them. And God blessed
them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful
and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue
it; and have dominion over the fish of the
sea and over the birds of the air and over
every living thing that moves upon the
earth.”
Genesis 1:27-28 (RSV)
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population
Demography
The study of the size, distribution,
movement, and composition of human
populations
Human Ecology
The study of the relationship between
populations and their natural environment
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2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Classical Malthusianism
Thomas Robert Malthus
English economist
Essay on the Principle of Population
First published in 1798 AD
(Wang, 1985)
Saturday, July 18,
2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Basic principles of the Malthus Theory
Food is essential for the existence of man
“Passion between the sexes” will continue to
exist and to result in population growth
Population grows “geometrically” whereas at
best food increases only “arithmetically”
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Positive checks
Famines
Disease
Wars
Given the human propensities to procreate
faster than food can be produced, most of
mankind is poor most of the time
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Preventive checks (moral restraints)
Delayed marriages
Reduced frequency of sex relations within
marriage
No premarital or extramarital sex relations
Malthus did not think that the effect of
“moral restraint” would be significant.
Further, he did not approve of the practice
of July
contraception.
Saturday,
18,
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
The classical Malthusian theory of population
implies that an increase in the food supply or
income would result in either fewer people dying,
or in more marrying earlier and having more
children. In either case both would result in
increased population growth, thereby nullifying
the effects of the additional food or income. Thus,
Malthus looked with disfavor on welfare
programs in England during his day and, if he
were living today, he would probably think it
equally unwise to send food to starving people
overseas.
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Demographic Transition Theory
Explains how industrialization affects
population growth
Stage I
In preindustrial society, both the birth rate
and the death rate are high--results in a fairly
stable population that either does not grow or
grows very slowly
Saturday, July 18,
2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
Bolender
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Stage II
As society makes the transition from
agricultural to industrial, the death rate
decreases due to improvements in
Sanitation
Health care
The supply and distribution of food
The continuing high birth rate, in conjunction
with the declining death rate, leads to a rapid
Saturday, increase
July 18,
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
in population
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Unit 3:
Population: Structural-Functionalist
Perspective (Order Paradigm)
Stage III
As a society reaches an advanced stage of
industrialization
The birth rate declines due to the availability of
inexpensive forms of contraception
The economic liability of children
Social pressures to have smaller families
The declining birth rate compensates for the
low death rate, and population growth slows
may even decline
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July 18,
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2015
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Unit 3:
Population: Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective (Pluralist Paradigm)
Pronatalistic Cultural Values
Making contraceptives available does not
reduce fertility unless women and men
want to use birth control methods to
prevent childbearing
“Large families” are a strong cultural
symbol
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2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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Unit 3:
Population: Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective (Pluralist Paradigm)
In many societies, pronatalistic cultural values
promote having children
Mother’s day
Father’s day
“When will I be a grandparent?”
Friends with children may influence couples toward
parenthood
Many religions worship fertility--large families
The lack of children is a disgrace
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2015
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
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Unit 3:
Population: Conflict Perspective
(Conflict Paradigm)
Status of Women (powerless)
In cultures that have high population growth
rates, women
Are of lesser importance than men
Are less educated
Are culturally given roles that confine them to
childbearing
Very few roles available outside of the home
Women are expendable, if one dies during childbearing, the
man can easily marry another woman--whereas it is difficult
for a widow to ©remarry
Saturday, July 18,
1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
2015
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Unit 3:
Population
“Rise of the Only Child”
(Greenberg, 2001)
How can a decreasing and/or aging population be
a problem for a country?
Here is a challenging question (for the sociological
mind): Are there any similarities in the United
States with countries such as Italy and
Japan…even though the overall population in
the United States is predicted to continue
growing?
Saturday, July 18,
© 1998-2001 by Ronald Keith
2015
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