Transcript Document

Linking
Danish Library Conference
Odense
11 September 2001
Dianne Miles
ingenta
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Agenda
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The basics of linking
Gateways
 Subscription Agents
 A&I Companies
 Libraries – web pages & OPACs (webPACS)
Reference Linking
 Direct relationships
 CrossRef and indirect relationships
Jake, SFX and Openly Jake
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The basics of linking
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Linker or linkee?
Host, gateway or aggregator?
Why do we link?
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Linker or linkee?
Full text host
Gateway, e.g. Agent,
A&I or dot com
Full text host
Full text host
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The different business models –
host, gateway or aggregator
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Hosting service provider
– the content host
Indexing, linking and organising
content on other hosts
– the gateway
Licensed full text content
– the full-text aggregator
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Why do we link?
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To aid navigation of content
To add value to content (reference
linking)
To increase usage of content
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The role of content hosts
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Service provider to publishers
- a model first adopted in 1995
Primary revenues from publishers
- free or low cost to service users
Generally non-selective
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The business model of fulltext aggregators
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Licensed full text sold as an aggregated
selection of content
Revenue from licensees
Provide a very low cost route into
electronic collections for publishers,
but there are drawbacks
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Questions
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Fire away!
(Gateways is about to follow)
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Gateways
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Started with subscription agents and later
Abstracting & Indexing companies and
“dotcoms”
A collection of links to full text
Sometimes allow libraries to select resources
Make their money from “pointing” fees on the
basis of increased traffic to primary content
and/or charges to libraries or end users for
the service
Additional revenues from document delivery
An inexpensive way to drive up usage for a
publisher
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Gateway
example
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Gateway
example
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The library as a gateway
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No provider indexes all the content
Libraries can set up all the links on web pages of
their own
Some service providers, e.g. ingenta, build
such web pages for libraries, known as
“library portals” or “customised library
gateways”
SFX and similar products assist libraries in taking
control and helps retain the user within the
environment “preferred” by the librarian
- (but more of that later)
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Gateway Characteristics
Type of gateway
Search
Headers
Search
Full
Text
Know
Permissions
Maintain
Control of
User
Coverage
Examples
Subscription
Agent, some
dotcoms
Yes
No
Yes
No
Multidisciplinary,
partial and nonselective
SwetsBlackwell,
Rowecom IQ,
OCLC
Firstsearch
ECO
A & I company,
other dotcoms
Yes
No
No
No
Single discipline,
selective
ISI WOS,
CSA
Library
Yes
No
Yes
No
Everything
selected (by
definition)
All libraries
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Questions
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More questions please!
(Reference linking will be along shortly)
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Reference Linking
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The act of linking from a citation in one
article to the appropriate full text or
abstract in the same or other collection
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Direct Relationships –
internal
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Direct Relationships –
external
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Indirect Relationships
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Where linking between journals is facilitated by a
third party without the need for a linking
agreement between the journals’ publishers.
Number of
publishers
Number of
technical
agreements
2
2
10
90
81
6480
1000
999000
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CrossRef and the DOI
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What is the DOI?
What is CrossRef?
Some numbers
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What is the DOI?
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The Digital Object Identifier
 i.e. an identifier for digital objects
A dumb number with no meaning
 There is nothing about the object that would lead to you
infer the number
 Just like a phone number – there is nothing about the
person that would lead you to infer the number
 You use the number to look up a digital object in the
DOI database
E.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098975169
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What is the DOI? –
continued
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But how do I find out a DOI?
 You look it up in a database of DOIs, by using their
associated metadata store
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Help! But what is metadata?
 Literally – data about data, but in journals we mean
things like Title, Author, ISSN, page number, SGML
headers
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What is CrossRef?
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CrossRef is no more than
 A database of DOIs and their associated metadata
 A place where publishers can submit such data
 A place where publishers can search such data to
facilitate reference linking
When a user clicks on a reference that uses the DOI, it is
a DOI resolving service, not CrossRef, that actually directs
the user to the target article
 Benefits
 Valuable feature for journals
 Drives up traffic to journals
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CrossRef – some numbers
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81 publishers currently members
Over 3.5 million article DOIs and
supporting metadata submitted
Improved service implemented early
this year translates to higher
matching rates
Only a small fraction of reference linking
uses this method so far
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Questions
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I’m expecting a lot!
(Jake and SFX are next)
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Jake, SFX and Openly Jake
• Resources that start to allow for the management of the
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“Appropriate Copy” issue
Jake – Jointly Administered Knowledge Environment
 jake.med.yale.edu
SFX – Context-sensitive reference-linking
 www.sfxit.com
Openly Jake
 www.openly.com/jake/
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Jake
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Shows users many manifestations of the
same work
shows which databases, aggregations and
gateways a journal may appear in
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Allows librarians and web builders to
choose an appropriate resource for
their users
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SFX
A tool for librarians to over-ride the links
suggested within a document and replace
them with a more appropriate resource
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Librarian chooses what is most appropriate for users
 Pay-per-view options
 Non-subscribed content
 Cheaper resources
 In house resources and local databases
 Material available from consortial deal
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OpenURL
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Fast tracked to become a NISO standard
Supports linking initiatives like SFX
Supported and used by ingenta
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Openly Jake
Combines the Jake resource with SFXlike functionality
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Further automates finding the most
appropriate copy for your users
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Supporting Projects
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Onyx
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Interoperability of metadata
Linking between industries
Need for standards
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Open Archives Initiative
 http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/eaccess/Articles/opinion2.html
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Implications of these tools
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Good for librarians and collection developers
Largely good for users since they spend less
time finding free (at point of use)
resources
Restricts freedom of users within library who
are willing to pay extra for non-subscribed
materials
Makes publishers more cautious about number
and pricing of multiple incarnations
(manifestations) of their content
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Questions
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Phew!
Questions on this section and the whole
session please.
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Thank you for your attention
Dianne Miles
ingenta
[email protected]
Tel: +44 (0)1634 811638
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