Transcript Independence Movement - Staunton River High School

Welcome!! Happy Monday!!
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folder, and put in your binder:
1. EVERYTHING there should be
nothing back there!!!!!
Make Sure You Have This Completed
1. Independence Movements
Narrative Questions 1-4 and the
India Map Assignment
Start This:
1. Begin reading page 2 of WHII.14a
India
2. Have a pencil or pen on your desk
• What is decolonization?
• At what time did the gradual decline of
colonialism take place?
• Name three colonizers whose weaknesses
were revealed during World War II.
• What colonized nation was the first to gain
independence after WWII?
• After WWII, which country finally granted India its
independence?
• Who was the leader of the INC who worked to gain
India’s independence? What method did he promote?
• Once independence was established in India, what was
the main source conflict? Which two groups were
involved?
• Which two countries were created to resolve this
conflict?
• When the conflicts were not resolved, Pakistan
separated into which two countries?
• Today, The Republic of India is considered what?
WHII.14a Indian Independence Review
Questions
WHII.14 Narrative
• Read Part III – Africa
• Answer Questions 11- 16
• Complete Africa Map (textbook page 480)
• What did the United Nations charter guarantee?
• What Post-WWII Superpowers influenced African
independence?
• Which leader of the Mau Mau negotiated Kenya’s
independence?
• What term describes the racial separation in South
Africa?
• Who became the first black President of the Republic of
South Africa?
• Which colonies transitioned to independence peacefully?
Which ones experienced conflict?
WHII.14b Africa Review Questions
WHII.14 Narrative
• Read Part IV – Middle East
• Answer Questions 17- 23
• Complete Middle Map (textbook page 708
AND 710)
• Why was the mandate system created?
• What two countries were mandates of Great Britain?
France?
• Which country was formed as a Jewish state?
• Which Israeli Prime Minister successfully led Israel
through the Yom Kippur War? From which country did
she seek and gain support?
• Which Egyptian leader formed a relationship with the
Soviet Union?
• Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal? What did it
cause other nations to fear?
• What did Nasser build to prevent the Nile from flooding?
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT QUIZ NEXT
CLASS
Homework:
WHII.14c Mandate Review Questions
Independence
Movements
SOL WH. 14
India
• The demand for
self-rule, resulted
in the creation of
new states in the
Indian subcontinent.
Mohandas Gandhi - India
• Leader of nationalist
movement against
British rule.
• Used non-violent civil
disobedience and
passive resistance
• Assassinated by a
Hindu extremist on
June 30, 1948
Jawaharlal Nehru - India
• Supported
western-style
industrialization
• Believed in nonalignment with
superpowers (US
or USSR)
Dividing the Subcontinent
• Independence caused the partition of
India led to the creation of two
countries in 1947, divided along.
religious lines.
• Heavily Muslim areas in the far west
and far east became Pakistan.
• The vast area in between, mostly
Hindu, became India.
Pakistan and Bangladesh
• In March 1971, civil war broke out
between the two regions.
• In December, India joined the war in
support of East Pakistan.
• The war ended quickly, and East
Pakistan won its independence as
the republic of Bangladesh.
Sri Lanka
• Great Britain granted Ceylon independence
in 1948; Known as Sri Lanka since 1972
• Site of ethnic civil war since 1983
– Between Sinhalese/Buddhist and Tamils/Hindus
Republic of India
• World’s most
populous democracy
• Federal System
– States have many
powers
• New economic
development has
eased financial
problems of the
nation.
Africa
• Motives for Independence
– Right to self-determination by UN Charter
– Pride in African Cultures and heritage
– Resentment toward imperial rule and
economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France,
Belgium and Portugal through peaceful
and violent revolutions after WWII.
Examples of Independence
Movements
• Ghana (Britain) – peaceful transition
• Kenya ( Britain) – violent struggle under
leadership of Jomo Kenyatta
• South Africa (Britain) – Black South
Africans struggled against apartheid
• Algeria (France) – War for Independence
• Congo (Belgium) – regional tensions and
civil wars
British Colonies
• Ghana was the first
sub-Saharan British
colony to gain
independence.
• They achieved
independence
through the use of
civil disobedience.
Kenya in East Africa
• Kenya experienced a
violent transition into
independence
• Mau Mau rebellion
against the
government.
• Jomo Kenyatta a
nationalist leader
during the
independence struggle
was the first president
South Africa
• Nationalist Afrikaners
came to power in South
Africa.
– They legalized and
strengthened a policy
of apartheid or strict
segregation
• Continued protest at
home and abroad
resulted in the gradual
end to apartheid in South
Africa.
Nelson Mandela
• Led the African
National Congress
– opposed white
minority government
and apartheid
• First black President
in South Africa
• Won the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1993.
Middle East
• The mandate system established after
World War I by the League of Nations and
was phased out after World War II.
– Syria and Lebanon were mandates of France
– Palestine and Jordan were mandates of Great
Britain
• With the end of the Mandates, new states
were created in the Middle East
– Israel
Middle East Conflicts
• Conflict arose between the Arabs and
Jews in Palestine.
• Great Britain admitted its inability to keep
the peace and turned Palestine over to the
United Nations.
• The UN voted to partition Palestine into
separate Jewish and Arab states.
• On May 14, 1948 Israel
declared its
independence as a
sovereign Jewish state
Golda Meir
• Israel’s first woman
Prime Minister
• Led Israel to victory in
Yom Kippur War
– Arabs from Egypt and
Syria attacked Israel.
– October 6 - 25, 1973
• Sought support of the
United States
Gamal Abdul Nasser
• President of Egypt
• Nationalized Suez
Canal
• Established a
relationship with the
Soviet Union
• Built the Aswan High
Dam
What bodies of water
does the canal
connect?
Nationalizing the Suez Canal meant that
all countries could use the canal
The dam prevented the yearly flooding of
the Nile River in Egypt