Transcript Issues of Sanitation Definition

Issues of Sanitation Definition
and the MDGs
Coverage Figures
According to the 2008 Ghana Demographic Health
Survey (GDHS) report
• Only 12.4 percent of people living in Ghana used
improved sanitation facilities
• 54 percent shared an improved facility with one
or more households
• 10.6 percent used unimproved sanitation
facilities
• 23 percent of the population had no access to
any facilities or were engaged in open defecation.
JMP definitions of improved/unimproved
sanitation
Improved sanitation
Facilities not shared that
ensure hygienic separation
of human excreta
from human contact:
•Flush/pour flush to:
• piped sewer system
Unimproved sanitation
Facilities
that do not ensure hygienic
separation
of human excreta from human
contact:
• Flush/Pour flush to elsewhere
•septic tank
• Pit latrine without slab/open
pit
• pit latrine
• bucket
•Ventilated improved pit
(VIP) latrine
• Hanging toilet/hanging
latrine
• Pit latrine with slab
• No facilities, bush or field
• Composting toilet
•Shared or public toilets
National Community Water and
Sanitation Program (NCWSP)
Improved Sanitation/Adequate excreta disposal
facilities:
• Household VIP Latrine
• Simple but protected Pit Latrine
• Pour Flush latrine
• KVIP
• Connection to a sewer or septic tank system
Shared Toilets and Public Toilets
Shared sanitation
facilities (JMP)
Public Toilets (NESP,
Ghana)
Shared sanitation facilities:
Sanitation
facilities of an otherwise
acceptable type
shared between two or
more households.
Shared facilities include
public toilets.
Toilet facility basically to
cater for transient
populations and areas of
intense public activity such as
lorry parks and markets
Reasons why JMP classifies shared toilets
as unimproved
• Concerns about the actual accessibility of such
facilities throughout the day
• The security of users, especially at night
ESHD/WSMP, Ghana
Improved Sanitation Facilities
• Any Sanitation facility which is adequate,
convenient, has user privacy and is hygienic
both in technology and operation and
maintenance and shared by a maximum of 10
people from different households."
Indicators of improved sanitation by the
ESHD/WSMP, Ghana
• Indicators
1. Adequate
sanitation facility
latrines used by a maximum of 10 persons per
squat hole
2. Convenient
sanitation facility
Latrines located 50 meters or less from the
household
3. Private Sanitation
Facility
Latrines that provides a complete non-transparent
enclosure
4. Secured sanitation
facility
Sanitation facilities that are adequately illuminated
(path leading to latrine and the latrine room),
structurally stable (absence of significant cracks in
the building structure and slabs as well as strong
trusses for roofs)
Indicators of improved sanitation by
the ESHD/WSMP, Ghana
• Indicators
5. Hygienic
sanitation facility
Latrines that hygienically separate faeces from
human contact by ensuring the following; are
free from flies, has available anal cleansing
materials and containers to hold them, clean
toilet seats and bowls (ie. free of excreta) and
not littered with anal cleansing materials.
6. Accessible
sanitation facility
Latrines that remain open for use throughout the
day and night
6. Adequacy (No. to
use)
5 and 10
What Next: Undertake studies to find
out the following:
1. Whether or not improved sanitation facilities (not
shared) in Ghana meet the criteria outlined below;
o
o
o
o
o
o
adequacy
convenience
has user privacy and ensures adequate security
is hygienic both in technology, operation and maintenance
accessibility at all times (night, during rains etc)
ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human
contact
2. Factors that influence the sharing of sanitation
facilities in Ghana
What Next(Cont’d)
3. Users opinion on shared latrines (example, are users
happy with improved shared toilets? is their continued
use mandated by circumstance, culture, or both? Would
users agree that shared toilets are unimproved and that
they (the users), should be counted as not having proper
toileting facilities?)
4. Current trends in the provision of sanitation facilities
(types) in Ghana, for example by government, private
individuals (ie households), NGOs etc.
5. Recommendations on the capacity of shared sanitation
facilities to contribute to Ghana’s achievement of the
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for
sanitation.
THANK YOU