Transcript Slide 1

Contents of the presentation
• 1.Introduction –
• Sow cycle
• 2.Breeding –
• Breeds and characteristics
• 3.Feeding –
• Feeding of different classes of pigs
• 4.Housing –
• Space requirements
• Working out pen requirements
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Breeding
Types of breeds-3 namely
Large white
Landrace
Duroc
Mukota
Large white pic
Landrace pic
Duroc Pic
Mukota Pic
Characteristic-lw
• Originally from uk
• Widely used in commercial pig breeding as a parent
of sows and as a terminal sire
• Breed characteristics
• Large,white –coated pig with prick ears
• Have erect ears and slightly dished faces
• Has a white color,pink skins and long deep sides
Characteristics-Lr
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White hogs with floppy eras that hang parallel to the bridge of their nose
Known for their mothering ability, large litter sizes and good milking ability
When harvested landraces are known for producing high percentage of carcass
weight
They cross well with other breeds and produce long bodied offspring
Most widely used as foundation stock for hybrid gilts for commercial breeding
Breed characteristics
Landrace have white skin and are mostly free from black hair
Are long lop-eared pig with long middle, light front quartes and excellent ham
development
Have good meat structure and maternal abilities
Very efficient at converting food to meat and produce little excess fat
Known for their rapid growth when young, typically reaching a heavier weight at
weaning than other breeds.
Faults with the original-leg weaknesses, spray legs and nervous disorders
Characteristics-Dr
• Deep red and mahogany in color
• Have floppy ears
• Very prolific, good longevity and are noted for
outstanding terminal siring ability
• Known for lean gain efficieny, carcass yields and
muscle quality
• Have medium length and slight dish of the face
• The boar is known to be one of the most
aggressive of the pig breeds
• Sows are docile and have good mothering ability
Characteristics-Mkt
• Indigenous breed
• A hardy black pig
• Good resistance to disease and poor nutrition and
require little water
• Reproduction follows an annual rhythm with peak
farrowing in the early rainy season
• Mean litter size between 6.5-7.5
• Carcass yield is about 30% less from exotic large white
but is considered tasty
• They have moderate parasite tolerance greater than
the imported breeds
characteristics to be considered in pig breeding
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Boar Line:
- Daily gain
- Feed Conversion Rate
- Relation between Lean Meat / Fat
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Sow Line:
- No. of piglets born alive
- No. of piglets weaned
- Interval weaning – next service
- Mortality
- Longevity
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Fatteners:
- mortality (survival)
- daily growth
- feed conversion rate
- fat deposition
- slaughter quality
Feeding of pigs
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Summarize feeding for different classes of pigsFeeding preg sow
During the gestation period, the requirement for nutrients changes continuously. A gestating sow
needs feed for maintenance, uterine growth and for her own body-weight gain.
first parity
later parities
or: small sows
or: bigger sows
Day of weaning:
N.A.
0
Next day until service
3-3.5
3.5-4
First 2 months (day 0-60)
2.0
2.25
Then (day 61-85)
2.5
2.75
Last month
(day 85-112)
3.25
3.5
Last days
(112-farrowing)
2
2
Day of farrowing
0-1
0-1
Feeding
Feeding of lactating sows
•approx. 24 hours around farrowing: 0 - 1 kg
•1st day
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1 kg
•After this first day increase the allowance gradually (daily increments of 0.5 kg) until the
‘target feed allowance' is reached
•Target feed-allowance: 1.5 kg + 0.5 kg per piglet
Feeding of suckling piglets
•Piglets start their lives drinking their dam's colostrum and milk
•, creep feed, the practice of providing feed to suckling piglets, serves three purposes:
•Piglets will be weaned with higher weights
•Their digestive systems have been challenged to develop and produce enzymes, thus
preparing them for a ration without milk, after weaning
•Sows, and especially gilts, will lose some less weight as their piglets will eventually drink
less when they start eating additional solid feed
Feeding
Feeding of weaners up to 20-25 kg
•after weaning piglets are best fed ad lib to stimulate feedintake and to maximize growth-rate
Feeding of growing / finishing pigs
•At one extreme severe feed restriction can seriously slow down growth-rate
and cause pigs to be so lean that they are hardly edible
•The feed allowance or ration determines both growth rate and product (carcass) quality in growing pigs.
Feeding of replacement stock
Feeding replacement stock is very much like feeding fattening pigs. The difference is: we do not want maximum daily gains
This slower growth rate (compared to fatteners) can be achieved by:
Restricting feed intake more severely;
Offering feed with lower energy level.
Feeds or diets for replacement stock:
20 - 45 kg
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starter feed
45 kg-service
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lactating sow feed (or special rearing feed)
after service
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gestating sow feed
Feeding of boars
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Boars require feed for maintenance and
production, which is: growth, mating and
production of semen.
The feeds suitable for boars are: all sow feeds
except the gestating-sow types, which are too
poor in protein and amino-acids
. PEN
REQUIREMENT WORKOUT
Starting points
•the number of sows on the farm;
•the expected number of litters per sow per year;
•the weaning age;
•what kind of weaner pens the farmer wants to use;
•whether the farmer wants to use A.I. or natural mating;
•whether he wants to select his own young breeding stock or buy them from outside
and at what age;
•what type of housing for dry and pregnant sows (group or individual);
•the expected culling rate;
•the expected growth of the piglets;
•days needed for desinfection and cleaning;
•the expected growth for the fatteners;
•the number of animals per pen.
• FARROWING PLACES
• Farrowings per year 100*2.0=200
• With a seven week occupation period the number of
times the same farrowing place can be used=52/7=7
• No. of farrowing places required=200/7=29
• DRY SOW PLACES
• The sow is weaned after 5 weeks
• The sow enters the farrowing house a week before
farrowing .At 2 litters per sow year a period of
(6*2)=12 weeks is spend away from dry –sow
housing.the period the sow is in the dry sow pens is 40
weeks
• The number of dry sow places required is
40*100/52=77
• If sows are housed 8 in a pen
• No of pens required=77/8=10
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• Weaner pens
• Output of weaners per year
=100*2*10=2000weaners
• Weaners stay in the weaner pens for three
weeks with the pen being rested for 5 days
• Batches per year=365/26=14 batches
• No of pigs /batch=2000/14=143 pigs
• At 12 weaners/pen the number of pens
required=143/12=12pens
Fattening pens
• Pigs occupy the fattening pens after 6 weeks
• Fatteners are marketed when they are about 51/2
months of age allowing 3 days cleaning between
batches the number that can use the same facility per
year is 365/109=3.3
• Output per year is 100*18=1800
• For a 100 sow unit the number of pigs per batch is
100*18/3.3=545
• 545 fattening places are required per time
• At 15 pigs /pen the number of pens required is
530/15=34 pens