Transcript Haitian Revolution

Haitian Revolution
Haiti
• Located in the
Caribbean
• Originally
colonized by the
French
• Site of sugar
plantations
• Site of the largest
successful slave
rebellion in
history
Sugar is grown on plantations. It is very
profitable, but it was the deadliest
form of plantation slavery there was.
The French Revolution
• The revolution loosened
French rule.
• Free Africans on Haiti
expected the
Declaration of the
Rights of Man would
apply to them.
• When the French
refused, free Africans
revolted.
1791 - The Slaves join the fight
• No one expected the
slaves to fight
• The French tried to
put down the
rebellion
• In 1794 the
Declaration of the
Rights of Man was
applied to Free
Africans, but slavery
remained
Toussaint Louverture
• Self educated former
slave
• Re – conquered Haiti for
the French
• Ruled Haiti for a few
years
• Ended slavery in Haiti and
also freed slaves in
nearby Santo Domingo
(Dominican Republic)
Toussaint Louverture
• Slavery ended during his rule
• Issued a constitution for Haiti
• Was persuaded to join with
the French in 1802
• Louverture was betrayed and
imprisoned by the French
• He died in prison in 1802
Haiti Wins Independence
• Jean Jacques Dessalines was
the next leader of the Haitians
• The Haitians were helped by
the British blockade of the
French
• Dessalines beats the French
on November 18, 1803
• The French quit
The Haitian Republic
• On January 1, 1804
Haiti is declared a
republic
• The Second republic
in the western world
• The largest
successful slave
rebellion ever
Causes of the Boxer Rebellion
Causes of the Boxer Rebellion
• Recognizing the
weakness of the
Chinese military, the
Western powers
rushed to claim more
territory in China.
Germany, Russia, Great
Britain and France all
carved out spheres of
influence there.
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The Boxers
• Resentment towards
foreigners was on the rise
due to continued foreign
involvement within China.
• This gave rise to nationalist
movements like the secret
society called The Righteous
& Harmonious Fists, called
“Boxers” by Westerners
because they practiced martial
arts.
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Boxer Philosophy
• Opposed foreign influence in
China.
• Believe that Christian
missionaries were destroying
Chinese culture by spreading
their religion.
• They wanted to destroy and kick
the foreigners out of China.
• Eventual they won the support
of the Qing dynasty who’s
rulers hope to gain back
control over their empire.
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The Boxer Rebellion
• Began in 1899 when
the Boxers set out to
destroy anything
foreign.
– Slaughtered Chinese
Christians,
missionaries, &
anyone foreign.
– Burned houses,
schools, & churches
• Laid siege to the
foreign Embassies
in Beijing.
Military of the Powers during the
Boxer Rebellion, with their
naval flags, from left to right:
Italy, United States, France,
Austria-Hungary, Japan,
Germany, United Kingdom,
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Russia. Japanese print, 1900.
Causes of the Sepoy Rebellion
Changes To Indian Society
• The British East India Company also invited Christian
missionaries to spread their beliefs
• Some Indians began to believe the British were trying
to destroy their society.
• These changes resulted in strained relation between
Indians and the British.
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The Sepoy Rebellion
• In 1857, these strained relations exploded into a rebellion.
• The introduction of a new type of British rifle set off
rebellion.
– To load the rifle, a soldier had to bite off the end of a
paper ammunition cartridge and pour the powder and
bullet down the barrel of the gun.
– A false rumor spread that the cartridges were greased
with pig and cow fat.
– This offended the Muslim & Hindu sepoys.
– Muslims did not eat pork and Hindus did not eat beef.
– This process would have caused the Sepoys to get soul
polluting grease directly into their bodies.
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The Sepoy Rebellion
• Sepoys refused to use
cartridges thinking it was a
plot to make them
abandon their religions.
• The Sepoys were punished
by the British for
protesting.
• In response, the sepoys
rose up against the British.
• Violence was ferocious.
• Both sides committed
atrocities.
• Lasted for two years
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Causes of the Zulu Wars
Zulu Expansion
•
•
The Zulu were a South African
tribe that placed an emphasis
on military organization and
skill, as established by
their legendary leader Shaka
Zulu.
Under Shaka’s rule, the Zulu
broadened their land claims
throughout Southern Africa
and by the early 19th century
had become a powerful
kingdom.
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Zulu Wars
• By 1870 European colonial expansion was at its
borders.
– The British were expanding from the south.
– The Boers were expanding from the west.
• Along with land, Southern Africa was rich in
natural resources, especially diamonds and
gold that all three groups were competing
over.
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Zulu Wars
• The British goal
was to unite all of
Southern Africa
under their
control.
• To do this the Zulu
kingdom had to be
removed.
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Zulu Wars
• During this time the British were
fighting many small wars in
various colonies and did not
want another war.
• Lord Chelmsford felt that war was
unavoidable and would be short.
• He used a minor border incident
as justification to demand that
the Zulus give up their
military system which was
key to their culture.
• The Zulus refused and the war
began in January of 1879.
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