Transcript Decision Making

Decision Making
ACED 7030
Curriculum Issues in Adult and
Career Education
When developing curriculum,
decisions must be made regarding…
Strategic planning
Long-range planning
Delegation of authority
Scope of the curriculum
Sequence of the curriculum
Balance of the curriculum
Let’s start with
Strategic Planning
Strategic planning is…
The method by which an
organization identifies relevant
trends in its environment, analyzes
their potential implications and
projects an integrated strategy to
address these events and their
contingencies.
Strategic Planning consists of three
primary groups of information
Internal Scanning
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Looking at internal factors
Self examination
Personal attributes
External Scanning
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Things outside the organization
Present and future influences
Generally controlled from outside
Mission Development (strategies, plans)
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Implementation
Evaluation
Revision
See page 46 in the text
for a nice description of
strategic planning.
During strategic planning, we
develop strategies.
These are…
The best route to get you to your
destination (reference points) after
considering all of the obstacles and
influences.
How does this differ from
traditional long-range planning?
Take a look at the next slide.
Traditional Long-Range Planning
What are the differences here? Go
to the discussion board and tell us
what you think.
Strategic Planning
Let’s try it!
The goal: You will be prepared to deliver your research
presentation by the date assigned by the instructor and will
make a grade of “A” on it and the related research paper.
Imagine that you are in a Master’s-level class working
toward a research presentation in a few weeks. You
really want to make an “A” on it and the related paper.
Of course, this will take some planning to ensure that
everything gets done in time, at standards high enough
to meet the grade. You decide to sit down and chart out
barriers and obstacles that may interfere with reaching
this goal, along with solutions to overcome them.
Keep going to the next page
Here is what I want you to do.
List obstacles and barriers that may be
identified through an internal scan.
List obstacles and barriers that may be
identified through an external scan.
Discuss ways that the reference point may
change during the course of the semester.
Select one internal and one external barrier
and discuss possible strategies for lessening
the negative effects.
See this lesson’s Concept Paper
Assignment for complete details!
Another concept that is important in the decisionmaking process is the idea of
Site-based Management
SBM is grounded on the premise that those
who work in a local school or organization are
the ones who can best
provide the input to
sound decision
making and thus
should be involved
in the management
role in that school or
organization.
A key player in SBM is the
principal or other key
administrator. He or she must
be able to:
Accept authority
Delegate responsibility
Accept responsibility for outcome
Defend actions to policy makers
A critical concept in SBM is
EMPOWERMENT. This is the
specific authority to make
decisions and to take
appropriate action.
EMPOWERMENT relates to
EFFICACY.
Site-Based Management
Requires...
Involvement of stakeholders
conduction of environmental scans
ID of factors related to a program’s success and
failure
Development of vision and mission statements
ID of current and future resources\constraints
Development of realistic goals and objectives
Formulation of plans of action
Monitor and follow up of activities
Levels of Planning in School
Districts
Used to answer the following questions…
•Where are we going?
•How do we get there?
•What do we do to get there?
See page 48 in Crunkilton and Finch
Some of the major decisions
that must be made concerning
curriculum include...
Scope
Sequence
Balance
Keep in mind that some
decisions are
irreversible or at least
precedence-setting for
future decisions and
action. See page50
(C&F)
Scope of the Curriculum
Several questions come to mind
Who should decide on the
content?
What content should be
included?
Tyler offers a Model
Source
Source
Source
Student
Society
Subject
Tentative General Objectives
Screen
Screen
Philosophy
of Education
Psychology
of Learning
Precise
Instructional
Objectives
The components of Tyler’s
Rationale include…
Source/Student
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Does the unit meet the needs of the
student?
Source/Society
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Does the unit meet any societal need?
Source/Subject
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Is the unit consistent with the subject in
which it is being offered?
Tyler’s Rationale Continued…
Supposing that a unit meets all three of the
“source” tests, General Objectives are
formulated.
Next, curriculum developers must consider
Philosophy of Education
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Faculty’s philosophy
School’s philosophy
Psychology of Learning
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Within range of learner
Within learner’s motivational limits
Tyler’s Rationale Finished…
Having met these tests, Precise
Instructional objectives are developed
and the unit is implemented into the
curriculum.
Put this to the test using Tyler’s Rationale…
Is a unit on gun safety appropriate for
inclusion in keyboarding class? What about in
an agriculture class? Go to the discussion
board and share your findings.
Sequence of the Curriculum
What is the best order to arrange the
curriculum and it’s related components?
How do we determine sequence?
simple proceeds complex
 must match maturation level of students
 immediate needs come first
 aims, goals,and philosophy of faculty
 chronological or sequential order
 organization of textual materials
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Balance of the Curriculum
Considers...
general education and specialized
education
academic and career preparation
immediate application and longrange application
learner-centered and subjectcentered
After all of that, consider this...
Mr. Zelek, a technical educator, decided
on rainy afternoon that it would be nice to
have his class work on a new unit.
Gazing out of the window of his
classroom, he came up with an idea. “I
think we’ll have a unit on problem solving
through brainstorming,” he said to himself.
“The students will like it and maybe it will
do them some good.”
What do you think?
What do you think of the method
that Mr. Zelek used to select the
unit topic?
Was it necessarily a poor choice?
How should he select his unit
topics?
This is another good chance to
give us your opinion. Go to the
discussion board one more
time.
And that’s it!
Be sure to visit the “Decision
Making page on the website to
view your assignments for this
lesson.
Contact me if you have any
questions.