Transcript Biodiesel Fleet Test - B5 RANGER PROJECT

Biodiesel Fleet Test - B5
RANGER PROJECT
Leandro H. Benvenutti
Fuels & Lubricants - Ford Motor Company Brasil
June 10, 2008
1
Summary
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Project Participants
Project Objectives
Project Structure
Vehicle Equipments
Test Plan and Timing
Control Items
Preliminary Results
Preliminary Conclusions
2
Ranger Project Participants
3
Project Objectives
● Ranger Project was designed with the following
objectives:
 Test the use of B5 blends from Soya and Castor seed oil in
real world conditions (as close as possible);
 Evaluate overall engine performance with these fuels
compared to petroleum diesel: power, torque, fuel
consumption and emissions;
 Evaluate potential effects on durability of: engine, injection
system and fuel system;
 Evaluate B5 degradation during storage periods.
4
Project Structure - Test
Fleet
● Vehicles selected for this test meet EURO 3 emission
standard and are equipped with modern Common Rail
Injection Systems.
● Test fleet is composed by:
 2 vehicles running with petroleum diesel
(reference vehicles);
 2 vehicles running with 5% of Castor seed
(Mamona) Methyl Ester (B5);
 2 vehicles running with 5% of Soya Methyl Ester
(B5).
Common Rail System
by Continental (former
Siemens/VDO)
5
Project Structure - Team
● Exclusive dedication to the project:






1 Mechanical Engineer;
1 Supervisor;
2 Chemical technicians;
4 Aux. of vehicular research;
2 Chemical analysts;
1 secretary.
● Partial Dedication:
 7 Mechanical Engineers;
 2 PhD Chemists.
 2 Chemical analysts.
Operational vehicle
Team was specially
trained by Ford
engineers to be able to
correctly operate all
vehicle systems and
also perform basic
maintenance, without
risks to the project.
6
Vehicles Equipments
Additional tank for 310 liters
allows:
•
improved autonomy (more
than 4.000 km) and
Onboard equipments used to record
operational conditions: vehicle speed and
engine speed.
Also allows instant written communication
with base.
•
better control over fuels to
be used.
7
Vehicles Equipments
Example of reports generated by vehicles monitoring systems
8
Vehicles Equipments
Infra-Red portable equipment used
to measure the biodiesel
concentration in diesel.

9
Vehicles Equipments
Remote Monitoring system –
Via Satellite:
Allows to follow the
instantaneous position of the
fleet.
- Autotrac / Software Supervisor -
10
Vehicles – Project Launching
Event
11
Test Plan
● Vehicles planned to accumulate 100,000 km running
in 9 different routes to cover all regions of Bahia
State. Drives to other regions in the southwest were
also included.
● In order to guarantee that all 6 vehicles will be
submitted to the same test conditions, following rules
were created:
 All vehicles runs together all the time, following a leader;
 Same regular diesel is used for both B5 blends preparation
and also to fill up the reference vehicles;
 Drivers are rotated among vehicles;
 Vehicles position are rotated in the fleet.
12
Project Timing
Vehicles and
components
preparation phase
Run 100.000 km – Generate Partial Reports
Analysis and
reports
Sep
Oct
Nov
2006
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
2007
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May
Jun
Jul
2008
13
Control Items Before and After
the Test
● Components dimensioned:
 Engines, Injection Systems, Filters, Fuel Delivery Modules
● Injection System Mapped
● Torque and Power curves
● Fuel Consumption
● Emissions levels measured for following gases
 NOx - HC - CO - PM
● Fuel System Components
 Lines, tank, connectors, rubbers, sealers, joints, etc.
● Exhaust System
14
Control Items During the Test
FUEL
B100 Soya
B100 Castor Seed Oil
B5 Soya
B5 Castor Oil
Petroleum Diesel
LUBRICANT
New
SAE 15W-40, API CI-4
Every 2.500 km
FILTERS
Fuel
Lubricant
VEHICLES
Complete characterization every new
batch and ageing properties after
stored.
Same diesel is used for reference
vehicles and blends preparation.
Every batch blended is submitted to
analysis along with pure diesel.
All properties are monitored in order
to verify potential effects of biodiesel
Visual analysis, differential pressure
and water separation performance
for fuel filters.
Position (via satellite)
Speed
Fleet monitoring to avoid misuse or
abuse.
Engine rpm
15
View of the
On-Board
Diary.
This
document
was filled
every days by
the vehicle
operator.
16
Preliminary Results ENGINE
● Engine:
 Before test start all engines were submitted to following
measurements, with regular diesel and B5 blend of Soya or
Castor seed oil (depending on the fuel that such engine was
suppose to run during the test):
− Torque, Power, Oil and Fuel Consumption and Emissions
 Same measurements were performed after the test.
There were no measurable differences
between different fuels in a same engine,
for all characteristics under study.
Comparisons of results obtained before
and after the one year test also does not
show measurable differences.
17
Test Start – Torque and Power
Curves
Blue: Mineral Diesel
Red: B5 Soya
18
Test Start – Torque and Power
Curves
Blue: Mineral Diesel
Red: B5 Castor Seed (Mamona)
19
Preliminary Results - FUELS
● Fuels:
 B100 was produced by Petrobras in their
Guamaré/RN plant.
 All properties were determined and meet current
Brazilian biodiesel regulation.
 All blends produced using local regular diesel with
biodiesel meet all requirements of Brazilian diesel
specification.
 Fuel consumption was not affected by fuel type.
20
Preliminary Results LUBRICANT
● Lubricants:
 Engine oil is changed every 10.000 km, according to normal vehicle
service recommendation.
 200 engine oil samples were collected and analyzed in order to
check physical-chemical properties. All properties analyzed showed
excellent performance.





Higher viscosity increase observed was lower than 5%.
TBN decrease was lower than 10%.
Oxidation and insoluble were very low.
Soot according to acceptance criteria.
Fuel dilution data is not available yet, but other analysis indicate that
this contamination was not significant:
− No fuel smell from samples;
− No viscosity reduction;
− No significant varnish formation;
− No significant levels of wear metals.
21
Preliminary Results FILTERS
● Filters:
 Oil filters did not show any issue. Differential pressure
increase after test was very low.
 Fuel filters also presented very good results. Differential
pressure increase was low and water separation efficiency
after test was within the limits for a new system (>93%).
However the results of differential pressure of filters that
used Castor Seed (Mamona) oil were significantly higher
then the others.
22
Fuel Filters – Differential Pressure
23
Deposits - Castor Seed B100
This result indicated the need for an
additional purification step in the
production of biodiesel – Cold Filtration
Deposits removed from the
fuel tank pre-filter of one of the
castor oil B5 fueled vehicle
Deposits Analysis Result:
Fat acid methyl-esther of
high melting point (solid at
ambient temperature), typical
of castor seed biodiesel.
Castor Oil B100
before the
purification step
of the production
process
Castor Oil B100
after the purification
step of the production
process.
High melting point
Biodiesel was removed.
24
Fuel Filters – Differential
Pressure
Before
purification
step of
Castor Seed
B100
After
purification
step of
Castor Seed
B100
25
Preliminary Conclusions
● Considering the results available in this stage of the project,
there are no evidences that B5 will cause problems to the vehicles
being tested.
● Final report of component analysis are required to confirm this
information.
Project website:
http://www2.petrobras.com.br/minisite/biodieselb5/index.asp?pinicio=swf
Contacts:
Leandro H. Benvenutti - Fuels & Lubricants
Phone: 55-71-3649-3455
E-mail: [email protected]
26