Transcript Progressivism Review - Centennial School District
Progressivism Review
Reform • Change for the better
Rockefeller • Dominated the oil industry • Practiced horizontal integration
Carnegie • Pioneered vertical integration • Extremely wealthy by age 40 • Donated $350 million by the time he died
Gustavus Swift • Invented the refrigerated rail car
Upton Sinclair • Wrote The Jungle based on close observations of how meat packers lived
Trusts • Lower retail prices • Availability of items that were once luxuries • Development and use of new machinery
Progressives • Ida Tarbell- anti- Rockefeller and Standard oil company • Uptn Sinclair- author • Ida B. Wells- anti-lynching • Lester Ward- thought science should be used to improve the human condition
Political Reforms • Initiative • Recall • Referendum
Politicians • Could stay in power by doing favors for people
Immigrants • Settled in U.S. cities for JOBS
Positives of Cities • Jobs • Electricity- lighting • Indoor plumbing
Education • Laws were passed requiring children to attend school • Illiteracy rates declined
Immigrant Challenges • U.S. cities with – Gambling – Robbery – Political Corruption
Problems of Cities • Waste disposal problems • Slum Housing • Crime
Monopolies • Attempted to control the market by eliminating competition
Progressive Reformers • Wanted to give voters more direct say in lawmaking
New Immigrants • Wave that came over around 1900 • Mainly from Italy, Greece, Russia, and other areas of Southern and Eastern Europe • Came for opportunity- better wages, religious and political freedom
New Immigrants • More likely to be – Illiterate – Poor – Catholic or non-Protestant
Arrival Points
Ellis Island for those coming across the Atlantic Angel Island for those coming across the Pacific
Nativism • Idea that America should NOT allow more immigrants
Theodore Roosevelt • Became famous as a Rough Rider on San Juan Hill • Western Rancher • Asthmatic • Became President when McKinley was assassinated
Roosevelt’s Accomplishments • Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • Increased number of national parks • Arbitrated the United Mine Workers Strike
1902 Coal Miner’s Strike • TR threatened to send federal troops to take control of mines
Woodrow Wilson • Due to the Republican split, won the election of 1912 in an electoral landslide
Wilson • Allowed press conferences • Supported the Underwood Tariff reduction bill • Program was known as “New Freedom”
1912 Election • Woodrow Wilson- Democrat • William Howard Taft- Republican • Teddy Roosevelt- Progressive
Booker T. Washington • Felt African Americans should work hard and gradually earn the respect of Whites • Some called this – “Accommodation”
Accommodation • Idea that economic success for blacks was more important than racial equality
W.E.B. Du Bois • Felt blacks should receive equality immediately
Federal Trade Commission • Established to stop unfair business practices among companies • Supported by Wilson
Underwood Tariff • Established to reduce the tariff • High tariffs had been protecting American business
Jane Addams • Wealthy woman that moved to Chicago and built Hull House to help the poor
Issues of Alcohol • Viewed as a cause of violence against women, cause of worker absenteeism and accidents, and a health concern • Temperance Movement- wanted to eliminate alcohol and problems associated with it • Women’s Christian Temperance Movement campaigned for temperance
Rational Use • TR’s idea that forests be preserved for public use
Amendments • 16 th - Allowed for Income Tax • 17 th Direct election of senators • 19 th - Women gain the right to vote
Robert La Follette • Wisconsin Governor responsible for a great deal of reform legislation
Muckrakers • Writers whose articles attacked problems in the U.S.
19 th amendment • Gave women the right to vote
Suffrage • The right to vote
Leon Czolgosz • Assassinated President McKinley
Immigrant • Person entering a country to live there
Margaret Sanger • Spoke to women about preventing pregnancy
Eugene V. Debs • Socialists candidate in 1912 presidential election
Urbanization • Growth of cities
Tenement Buildings • Crowded, run down apartments in slums
Tariff • Tax on imported goods
Nativism • Preference for native-born Americans over immigrants
Teddy Roosevelt • McKinley’s vice-president, became the youngest president ever
Temperance Movement • Drive to restrict or prohibit use of alcohol
William Howard Taft • Republican president from 1909-1913
UMW- United Mine Workers • Called for a coal mine strike hoping for increased pay, less hours and union recognition
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • 146 people died- mainly young women • Showed dangerous working conditions
Sherman Anti Trust Act • Attempt by the government to limit business activities such as monopolies or trusts • Trying to ensure fair competition in business
American Federation of Labor • Worked for improved wages, better working hours and conditions
White Collar Workers • Managers needed in factories • Led to an increased middle class
Trains • Important to bring goods from the West to the East
Plessy v Ferguson • US Supreme Court approved segregation • “Separate but Equal” ruled constitutional
Asian Minorities • Faced discrimination and prejudice, specially in the West
Political Machines • Corrupt organizations that maintained control in large cities
Muller v Oregon • Supreme Court said that states could limit the work hours of women • Only affected women because they “needed to be protected”
Anti Defamation League • Protects the rights of Jewish Americans
Federal Trade Commission • Formed by Congress to monitor business practices that might lead to monopolies