Chp 7-2 Powerpoint
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Transcript Chp 7-2 Powerpoint
Urban Opportunities
Rapid
urbanization: growth of cities
Immigrants Settle in Cities
○ Most immigrants became city dwellers
because cities were the cheapest and most
convenient places to live as well as plentiful
jobs for unskilled labor.
○ Clustering in neighborhoods with those of the
same ethnic background (Ghettos)
○ Growth revitalized cities, but created serious
problems that had an impact on the poor.
Migration From Country to City
○ Farming technology made many
advancements (good news/bad news)
○ Forced many rural people including AfricanAmericans out of farming & into the city to
take whatever job was available
Urban Cultural Opportunities
○ New forms of entertainment were a lure to the
city Example: sports, theater
○ Job competition between African Americans
and white immigrants resulted in racial
tension.
Urban Problems
Housing
○ Working class families could either:
○ Buy a house on the outskirts and deal with
Transportation issues or…Rent a room in a
boardinghouse and share kitchen, and diningroom facilities with other families
○ Row houses: attached single-family dwellings
that shared side walls with other similar
houses
○ Growth of Tenements: Multi-family urban
dwellings that were overcrowded and
unsanitary.
Other Problems
Transportation
○ Before industrialization going to work was a walk,
or a horse ride
○ Cable cars are developed and utilized
○ 1888, 1st practical electric streetcar line began
operating in Richmond, Virginia
○ Why not keep using horses?
Sanitation
○ Horse manure pile dup on the streets, sewage
flowed through open gutters, and factories spewed
foul smoke into the air
○ Trash collection was inconsistent and people
dumped their garbage in the streets
○ Sewer lines were not widely used until 1900.
Even more Problems
Threat of Fire
○ Water supply was a problem, and candles or lanterns
were used for light
○ Most buildings made of wood, and built close to one
another
- The Great Chicago Fire (Oct. 8, 1871)
- The San Francisco Earthquake (April 18, 1906)
○ Newer buildings would be built of brick, steel, and
concrete
○ Invention of the automatic fire sprinkler in 1874
Crime
○ Pickpockets and thieves flourished in urban crowds,
and con men took advantage of non-English speaking
immigrants
○ New York organized the 1st full-time, paid police force in
1844
○ Gangs controlled areas with high crime rates.
Settlement House Movement
Social Gospel Movement
An early reform program to combat urban
poverty and poor living conditions
Preached salvation through service to the
poor
Reformers established Settlement houses
that provided assistance to the people in the
area, especially new immigrants.
One of the biggest activists was Jane
Addams