Transcript ENV 217 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Factors That Contribute To the Solid Waste Problem
Rapid Urbanization • • • •
Urban development New township development Development of housing estate Industrial
Changing Lifestyle
• •
Standard of living Buying power
Consumption Patterns
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Eating habits Buying power
Public Indifference
• People don’t care • People believe that it’s government sole responsibility • Propensity of the people to generate waste and just throw it anywhere • Lack of appreciation of the importance of waste avoidance/reduction, segregation and composting • Inefficient collection of garbage • Non-Operation of a good disposal facility
Inadequate Government Policy
• • • • •
Leak of enforcement No uniformity in regulations/ procedures Different methodology used No comprehensive laws and regulations Leak of Disposal area
Spiralling Population Growth Rate
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Population Growth rate Internal migration of population External migration of population
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Definition
The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and environmental consideration.
ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into five elements.
Generation Storage Collection, Transportation and Transfer Treatment Disposal
WHAT IS INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ?
Definition
The selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific waste management objective and goals
Hierarchy of ISWM
Source Reduction Recycle Waste Transformation Landfilling Monitoring and Evaluation
Hierarchy of ISWM Source Reduction
highest rank of the ISWM most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs & env. Impacts.
Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste May occur through the design, manufacture, packaging of products
Cont’
minimum toxic content, Minimum volume of material Longer useful life May also occur at the household, commercial, industrial facility.
Selective buying patterns & reuse of product & material .
Cont’
Recycle
Second highest rank Important factor in reducing the demand or resources & the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill.
Involved separation and collection of waste materials Preparation of the material for Reuse, Reprocessing, remanufacture
Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these materials
Cont’
Waste Transformation
Involved the physical, chemical or biological alteration Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems To recover reusable & recyclable materials To recover conversion products & energy Heat & biogas Reduce use of landfill capacity
Cont’
Landfilling
For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use Residual matter remaining after separation Residual matter remaining after recovery of combustion products / energy Involves the controlled disposal of waste
WHAT IS WASTE?
DEFINITIONS
Definition 1
Defined as wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and unwanted
Definition 2 By products of human activities. Physically it contains the same materials as are found in useful products
Con’t… Definition 3
Refuse is define as putrescrible and non-putrescrible solid wastes including garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings, dead animal and industrial wastes
Con’t… Definition 4
Garbage is the putrescrible animal or vegetable waste generated from the handling, preparation, consumption of food and is organic in nature
Con’t… Definition 5
Ash is the residue i.e. the waste product of fuel used for industrial purposes. It is incombustible part of the fuel and is usually used for the landfilling or as a constituent in cement making.
Con’t… Definition 6
Rubbish is combustible and non combustible part of refuse like paper, rags, wood, and glass
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
Five main categories of solid waste : Municipal Solid Waste Agriculture waste Industrial waste Hazardous waste Medical waste
JENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWAL
• • • • •
Sisa Pepejal Awam.
Sisa Pepejal Import.
Sisa Pepejal Isi Rumah.
Sisa Pepejal Keinstitusian. Sisa Pepejal Komersial. Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan.
•
Sisa Pepejal Perindustrian.
Municipal Solid Wast
e
mainly the household waste include commercial waste and institutional waste.
it composition depends on factors such as living standard, geographical location, type of housing and seasons.
Agriculture waste
Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural activities i nclude plant residue and animal waste.
food processing waste is consider as agriculture waste Some are considered as hazardous waste
Industrial waste
comprises waste from industrial processes E.g construction, fabrication, manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants Some of these could also include hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
Wastes or combination of wastes that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human.
special group of wastes define by certain criteria containing substances causing hazard. Sometimes hospital waste is also classified as hazardous waste
Con’t…
the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following: ignitability corrosivity reactivity toxicity infectivity
Medical Waste
Hospital waste includes hazardous and non hazardous waste.
hazardous waste - clinical waste Non-hazardous Clinical wastes are any waste consist human tissue, blood or other body fluids, excretion include infectious waste.
Urban waste
In the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid and gases Could organic and anorganic could divide into six types
Type of urban waste
household wastes city wastes commercial wastes industrial wastes liquid waste gaseous wastes
Household wastes
consist of wastes generated in the preparation of food mainly garbage, fuel, residue, house sweeping, household discard, garden wastes and animal dung.
City wastes
derived from street cleaning, park, school.
consist mainly paper, dry leaves, animal dung, etc.
commercial wastes
from office, shops and markets, restaurants, hotel include high proportion of paper, cardboard, wood, food waste ,glass and plastic.
Hospital waste some time include in commercial wastes.
Industrial wastes
from the manufacturing and the processing industries, construction .
proposition of wastes depending on the type of industry.
include metal ores, wood, lime, tiles, food waste, special waste and hazardous wastes.
Liquid waste
include mainly domestic sewage and factory effluents.
could be organic and inorganic liquid.
e.g.
Agro wastes chemical factory
gaseous wastes
could be from exhaust fume of factories, incinerator and chimney discharges.
Sources of solid wastes
domestic or residential municipal services commercial Institutional construction and demolition treatment plant site industrial agricultural
Type of Solid Waste Domestic or residential
Source Residential Facilities, activities /location Single family & multifamily detached dwelling, Low, medium & high-rise apartment, etc.
Type of solid waste Food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, textile, leather, yard waste, wood, glass, tin, cans, aluminum, other metal, ash, street leaves, special waste, household hazardous waste. Special waste: Bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes collected separately, batteries, oil and tires.
Commercial
Source Commercial Facilities, activities /location Stores, restaurants, markets, hotel, motel, print shop, service station, auto repair shop.
Type of solid waste Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.
Institutional
Source Institutional Facilities, activities /location Schools, hospitals, prisons, governmental centers.
Type of solid waste Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.
Construction and Demolition
Source Facilities, activities /location Construction and demolition New construction sites, road repair/renovation sites, razing or building, broken pavement.
Type of solid waste Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.
Municipal Services
Source Municipal service (Excluding treatment facilities) Facilities, activities /location Street cleaning, landscaping, catch basin cleaning parks and beaches, other recreational areas.
Type of solid waste Special waste, rubbish, street sweepings, landscape and tree trimmings, catch basin debris, general waste from parks, beaches and recreational areas.
Treatment plant sites
Source Treatment plant sites; Municipal incinerators Facilities, activities /location Water, waster water and industrial treatment processes, etc.
Type of solid waste Treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludges.
Municipal Solid Waste
Source Municipal solid waste Facilities, activities /location All as above Type of solid waste All as above
Industrial
Source Industrial Facilities, activities /location Construction, fabrication, ligh & heavy manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power plants, demolition, etc.
Type of solid waste Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, etc.
Non-industrial wastes including food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition & construction wastes, special wastes, hazardous waste.
Agricultural
Source Agricultural Facilities, activities /location Type of solid waste Field and row crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farm, etc.
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes.