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Building Positive School Climate through SW PBS George Sugai OSEP Center on PBIS University of Connecticut November 15, 2006 www.pbis.org [email protected] Purpose To provide introductory overview of School-wide Positive Behavior Support (SW-PBS) • Rationale & research MORE • “Big ideas” • Dec 6 “Expanding Horizons” Pre-Conf., Cromwell • Implementation features, & • www.pbis.org • Outcomes “141 Days!” Intermediate/senior high school with 880 students reported over 5,100 office discipline referrals in one academic year. Nearly 2/3 of students have received at least one office discipline referral. 5,100 referrals = 76,500 min @15 min = 1,275 hrs = 159 days @ 8 hrs Challenge #1 Rose, L. C., & Gallup. A. M. (2005). 37th annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of the public’s attitudes toward the public schools. Kappan, September, 41-59. TOP FOUR 2005 #1 SPOT 1. Lack of financial support • After 2000 lack of financial support 2. Overcrowded schools • 1991-2000 drug use 3. Lack of discipline & control 4. Drug use • Before 1991 lack of discipline Challenge #2 Competing, Inter-related National Goals • Improve literacy, math, geography, science, etc. • Make schools safe, caring, & focused on teaching & learning • Improve student character & citizenship • Eliminate bullying • Prevent drug use • Prepare for postsecondary education • Provide a free & appropriate education for all • Prepare viable workforce • Affect rates of high risk, antisocial behavior • Leave no child behind • Etc…. Challenge #3 Challenge #4 Better Why’s • Improve/redesign teaching & learning environments for all students & close achievement gap • Reduce use of ineffective reactive management • Enhance individualized support for students with high-risk behavior • Enhance intervention decision making SW: All Kids, Staff, Settings, Parents “Pupil achievements & behavior can be influenced (for the better or worse) by overall characteristics of school….this means focus on features promoting good functioning at classroom, departmental or whole school level.” “Improving overall level may be expected to have benefits at the extremes so long as favorable school features do actually impinge on children with special needs.” Rutter & Maughan, 2002, pp. 470-471 2001 Surgeon General’s Report on Youth Violence: Recommendations • Establish “intolerant attitude toward deviance” – Break up antisocial networks…change social context – Improve parent effectiveness • Increase “commitment to school” – Increase academic success – Create positive school climates • Teach & encourage individual skills & competence http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu Kutash, K., Duchnowski, A. J., & Lynn, N. (2006). School-based mental health: An empirical guide for decision makers. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida. Louis De la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, Department of Child & Family Studies, Research & Training Center for Children’s Mental Health. SWPBS Logic! Successful teaching & learning environments are effective, efficient, relevant, & durable – Outcome-based – Data-led decision making – Evidence-based practices – Systems support for accurate & sustained implementation Main Message STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Good Teaching Behavior Management Increasing District & State Competency and Capacity Investing in Outcomes, Data, Practices, and Systems Supporting Social Competence & Academic Achievement 4 PBS Elements OUTCOMES Supporting Decision Making Supporting Staff Behavior PRACTICES Supporting Student Behavior CONTINUUM OF SCHOOL-WIDE INSTRUCTIONAL & POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT ~5% ~15% Primary Prevention: School-/ClassroomWide Systems for All Students, Staff, & Settings ~80% of Students Tertiary Prevention: Specialized Individualized Systems for Students with High-Risk Behavior Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success Academic Systems Behavioral Systems Intensive, Individual Interventions •Individual Students •Assessment-based •High Intensity 1-5% Targeted Group Interventions •Some students (at-risk) •High efficiency •Rapid response Universal Interventions •All students •Preventive, proactive 5-10% 80-90% 1-5% Intensive, Individual Interventions •Individual Students •Assessment-based •Intense, durable procedures 5-10% Targeted Group Interventions •Some students (at-risk) •High efficiency •Rapid response 80-90% Universal Interventions •All settings, all students •Preventive, proactive “Train & Hope” WAIT for New Problem Expect, But HOPE for Implementation Hire EXPERT to Train Practice REACT to Problem Behavior Select & ADD Practice What does SWPBS look like? • >80% of students can tell you what is expected of them & give behavioral example because they have been taught, actively supervised, practiced, & acknowledged. • Positive adult-to-student interactions exceed negative • Function based behavior support is foundation for addressing problem behavior. • Data- & team-based action planning & implementation are operating. • Administrators are active participants. • Full continuum of behavior support is available to all students GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS: “Getting Started” Team Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation Implementation Behavioral Capacity Priority & Status Data-based Decision Making Representation Team Administrator Communications Working Smarter Initiative, Project, Committee Attendance Committee Character Education Safety Committee School Spirit Committee Discipline Committee DARE Committee EBS Work Group Purpose Outcome Target Group Staff Involved SIP/SID/e tc Team GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation Implementation Top 3 SchoolWide Initiatives Coaching & Facilitation 3-4 Year Commitment Agreements & Supports Dedicated Resources & Time 3-Tiered Prevention Logic Administrative Participation Team GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation Implementation Self-Assessment Efficient Systems of Data Management Team-based Decision Making SWIS Data-based Action Plan EvidenceBased Practices Existing Discipline Data Multiple Systems School-wide Positive Behavior Support Systems Classroom Setting Systems School-wide Systems School-wide Systems 1. Common purpose & approach to discipline 2. Clear set of positive expectations & behaviors 3. Procedures for teaching expected behavior 4. Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior 5. Continuum of procedures for discouraging inappropriate behavior 6. Procedures for on-going monitoring & evaluation Classroom Setting Systems • Classroom-wide positive expectations taught & encouraged • Teaching classroom routines & cues taught & encouraged • Ratio of 6-8 positive to 1 negative adultstudent interaction • Active supervision • Redirections for minor, infrequent behavior errors • Frequent precorrections for chronic errors • Effective academic instruction & curriculum Nonclassroom Setting Systems • Positive expectations & routines taught & encouraged • Active supervision by all staff – Scan, move, interact • Precorrections & reminders • Positive reinforcement Individual Student Systems • Behavioral competence at school & district levels • Function-based behavior support planning • Team- & data-based decision making • Comprehensive person-centered planning & wraparound processes • Targeted social skills & self-management instruction • Individualized instructional & curricular accommodations Team GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation Implementation Team Managed Staff Acknowledgements Effective Practices Implementation Continuous Monitoring Administrator Participation Staff Training & Support Team GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation Implementation Team-based Decision Making & Planning Relevant & Measurable Indicators Efficient Input, Storage, & Retrieval Evaluation Continuous Monitoring Effective Visual Displays Regular Review FRMS Total Office Discipline Referrals Sustained Impact Pre 3000 Total ODRs 2500 2000 Post 1500 1000 500 0 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 Academic Years ODR Admin. Benefit Springfield MS, MD 2001-2002 2277 2002-2003 1322 = 955 42% improvement = 14,325 min. @15 min. = 238.75 hrs = 40 days Admin. time ODR Instruc. Benefit Springfield MS, MD 2001-2002 2277 2002-2003 1322 = 955 42% improvement = 42,975 min. @ 45 min. = 716.25 hrs = 119 days Instruc. time “She can read!” With minutes reclaimed from improvements in proactive SW discipline, elementary school invests in improving schoolwide literacy. Result: >85% of students in 3rd grade are reading at/above grade level. PBS associated w/ academic & behavior improvements: School Example -55% -85% Lovejoy Elem in Alton, IL 4J School District Change from 97-98 to 01-02 Elem With School-wide PBS 20 Eugene, Oregon 15 10 5 0 -5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Schools Change from 97-98 to 01-02 Elem Without School-wide PBS 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 1 2 3 4 Schools 5 6 Change in the percentage of students meeting the state standard in reading at grade 3 from 97-98 to 0102 for schools using PBIS all four years and those that did not. Mean ODRs per 100 students per school day Illinois and Hawaii Elementary Schools 2003-04 (No Minors) Schools using SW-PBS report a 25% lower rate of ODRs Mean ODR/100/Day 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 .85 .64 0.2 0 N = 87 N = 53 Met SET 80/80 Did Not Meet SET Illinois 02-03 Mean Proportion of Students Meeting ISAT Reading Mean Percentage of 3rd graders meeting ISAT Reading Standard Standard t test (df 119) p < .0001 70% 62.19% 60% 50% 46.60% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% PBIS NOT in place N = 69 PBIS IN place N = 52 Proportion of Students Meeting Reading Standards Proportion of 3rd Graders who meet or exceed state reading standards (ISAT) in Illinois schools 02-03 t = 9.20; df = 27 p < .0001 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 N =23 N = 23 NN==88 0 Not Meeting SET Meeting SET Central Illinois Elem, Middle Schools Triangle Summary 03-04 1 05% Mean Proportion of Students 11% 20% 0.8 22% 0.6 84% 58% 0.4 0.2 0 Met SET (N = 23) Not Met SET (N =12) 6+ ODR 2-5 ODR 0-1 ODR North Illinois Schools (Elem, Middle) Triangle Summary 03-04 Mean Proportion of Students 1 0.8 04% 08% 14% 17% 0.6 88% 69% 0.4 0.2 0 Met SET N = 28 Not Met SET N = 11 6+ ODR 2-5 ODR 0-1 ODR Major Office Discipline Referrals (05-06) Mean Proportion of Students 0-1 '2-5 '6+ 100% 90% 3% 8% 10% 11% 16% 18% 89% 74% 71% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% K=6 (N = 1010) 6-9 (N = 312) 9-12 (N = 104) Major Office Discipline Referrals (05-06) Percentage of ODRs by Student Group '0-1 '2-5 '6+ 100% 90% 32% 48% 45% 43% 37% 40% 25% 15% 15% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% K-6 (N = 1010) 6-9 (N = 312) 9-12 (N = 104) CT Contact Information Sarah Barzee ([email protected]) [email protected] [email protected] www.pbis.org