Introduction to Classroom Management
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Transcript Introduction to Classroom Management
Introduction to
Classroom Management
ACED 4800
Student Teaching Seminar
Web-Based Training: Section I
Developed by Iris Ellis
Important Topics
Need
for classroom management
Definitions
Student
Trends
needs that affect behavior
in classroom management
Is There a Need?
In the 1999 Gallup Poll, “Lack of discipline/more
control” was rated as the biggest problem facing
public schools.”
47% of all teenagers stated their schools were
becoming more violent.
Phi Delta Kappa polled teachers and reported that
50% felt that talking back to and disobeying teachers
occurred frequently.
Cotton 1992 found that nearly half of classroom time
involves activities other than instruction.
Definitions
Classroom Management: The process
of establishing and maintaining an
effective learning environment.
Definitions
Discipline:
Training that is
expected to
produce a
specified character
or pattern of
behavior.
Controlled
behavior.
Rules: A principle
of
conduct observed by
members of a group.
Definitions
A Good Website For Lots of Great
Information on Classroom
Management is
http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/manage/rules.
html
Definitions
Procedures: A set of established methods for
conducting the affairs of a business or classroom.
Climate: A prevailing condition in human affairs.
– Classrooms that have a climate of competitiveness,
hostility, and alienation cause anxiety and discomfort
and do not facilitate the intellectual development of
many students.
– Classrooms in which students and teachers support
one another facilitate the development of self-esteem.
Student Needs
Maslow
– Suggests that there is a hierarchy of basic human
needs.
– Lower-level needs generally take precedence over
higher-order needs.
– People are basically good and that they have an
innate need to be competent and accepted.
– Unproductive behavior is not an indication of a bad
child but rather as a reaction to the frustration of
basic needs not being met.
Maslow
1)
Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily
comforts, etc.;
2) Safety/security: out of danger;
3) Belongingness and Love: affiliate
with others, be accepted;
4) Esteem: to achieve, be competent,
gain approval and recognition.
Student Needs
Topper
provided a list based on research
and interviews with students.
– Friends who care for you
– Fun and challenging things to do
– Having choices and learning how to make
choices
– Physical well-being
– Status and a “cool” reputation
– Unconditional love, someone who will always
be your advocate
Student Needs
Lipsitz wrote extensively on the needs of early
adolescents in the school environment.
– Diversity
– Opportunities for self-exploration and selfdefinition
– Meaningful participation in school and community
– Positive social interaction with peers and adults
– Physical Activity
– Competence and achievement
– Structure and clear limits
Major Trends/Theories
The
Counseling Approach (1960 – 1970)
– Emphasis on discipline
– Teacher training focused on what to do
AFTER students misbehaved
– William Glasser developed “reality therapy”
Based on the belief that young people need
caring professionals
Young people need help taking responsibility for
their behavior and help developing a plan aimed
at altering their unproductive conduct
Major Trends/Theories
Behavioristic
Methods (1970 – 1980)
– The focus of classroom discipline moved
in the direction of teacher control.
– Teachers were taught to ignore
inappropriate behavior while reinforcing
appropriate behavior
– Canter presented Assertive Discipline.
Teachers learned to state clear general
behavioral expectations
And, to teach students how to behave
properly
Major Trends/Theories
Lee
and Marlene Canter’s Assertive
Discipline, continued
– Teachers must model and directly teach
proper behavior.
– Negative consequences are penalties
teachers invoke when students violate class
expectations.
– Three types of teachers
Hostile
Nonassertive
Assertive
Major Trends/Theories
Teacher-Effectiveness Research
(1970s)
–
–
Emphasized not what teachers did in
response to misbehavior but how teachers
prevented or contributed to students’
misbehavior.
Focused on three sets of teacher behavior:
1.
2.
3.
Organizing & managing activities
Presenting instructional material
Teacher-student relationships
Major Trends/Theories
Integration
of Approaches
– The behavioral tradition has been
characterized by adding the following to
teacher training
Beginning the school year
Working with parents
Helping students with homework
– Brophy 1996, highlighted the blending of
teacher effectiveness research with the
emphasis on creating caring communities of
support.
Conclusion
Teachers
need to continually upgrade
their skills in motivating and managing
students.
Research in classroom management
has expanded dramatically during the
past twenty years.
In other words, there are no easy
answers to all problems we will
encounter.
Instructions:
Return to the Classroom Management
Webpage
Continue with Step 2, the activity
Good luck!