Lecture 3b 24 Jan 2011 LIFE CYCLE NUTRITION Child Adolescent The child section of this lecture based largely on the website indicated in lecture 3b notes on the web

Child

1-12 years of age 1-5 years Healthy eating accomplishes: -energy and nutrients for growth -develop sense of taste acceptance and enjoyment of different foods-significance of this?

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contribution to sense of well being

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instillation of attitudes and practices for lifelong health promoting activity patterns

2-5 years -age of experimentation- like to try new foods-significance ?

-striving for independence-eat foods on a whim (2-3), older in group (4-5 years) like to help select and prepare foods (significance) -do not be concerned about dawdling over food at any one time -imitate people around them- have other children and adults set a good example

2-5 year olds continued -healthy eating is :      being curious about new foods and ways of eating them; examining the chicken sandwich before they eat it; accepting toast only if it is cut in triangles; trying only a bite of squash today maybe more tomorrow; drinking milk only if they can pour it into their own glass;

2-5 year olds continued -healthy eating is :   loving carrots on Tuesday, refusing them on Wednesday; insisting the apple be whole - not in slices     wanting a peanut butter sandwich for lunch every day for a week; gobbling up the cookies they helped to prepare when they are fresh from the oven; preferring simple foods they can recognise; drinking soup out of a coffee mug just like mom's.

2-5 year olds continued For preschoolers, variety promotes:

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an adequate intake of essential nutrients

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the positive and pleasurable aspects of eating by exploring a wide range of foods varying in colour, flavour and texture

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the use of foods and cuisines enjoyed by different ethnic and cultural groups

2-5 year olds continued

Vegetarianism lacto-ovo vegetarians no one eats meat or fish, however they do eat milk products and eggs. use the Food Guide to choose foods from all the food groups. prepare a variety of dishes using tofu, other legumes such as dried peas, beans and lentils, nuts and nut butters, and eggs to meet the recommended number of servings from the Meat and Alternatives food group.

Pre-schoolers- 2-5 years old- lacto-ovo-vegetarians -enough protein, iron and zinc because of milk products, legumes and grain products eaten every day and eggs a few times a week. -at least two cups of milk every day. milk on cereal at breakfast and in soups and puddings made with milk. -ensures an adequate intake of vitamin D, calcium and vitamin B 12 , a vitamin that is found only in foods of animal origin.

What about strict vegetarians ?

2-5 year olds continued

Introduction of new foods

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being role models. Children are more eager to eat foods that they see family and friends enjoying;

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presenting food in appealing ways by combining different colours, textures and shapes of food; offering small quantities of a new food alongside a familiar one, without pressure to eat the new food;

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serving a new food when children are with their peers;

2-5 year olds continued Introducing new foods

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encouraging them to become familiar with different foods by helping to grow, buy, prepare or serve them;

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being patient. If an unfamiliar food is not accepted the first time, it can be offered again later. The more often children are exposed to new foods, the more likely they will taste them and learn to accept them

Introducing new foods -2-5 year olds

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not using foods as rewards. For example, withholding a sweet dessert until all the vegetables are eaten may establish a preference for the dessert and a dislike for the vegetables; respecting individual food preferences. Every child has different likes and dislikes.

6-12 year olds in this range children are learning to make decisions and beginning to choose for themselves more often

6-12 year olds continued

-continue to promote healthy eating by remembering that: children choose on the basis of : a) taste b) c) d) e) f ) family influences school policies and practices volunteers and professionals who work with children-guidance including obesity issues media messages-corporate nutrition peer pressure-kids mimic other kids

6-12 year olds continued

-choose foods that child likes in a food group while encouraging variety

6-12 year olds continued

-remember- water-give own water bottle -quenches thirst, is inexpensive, helps prevent tooth decay does not ruin appetite for food -children like complex carbohydrate foods (oatmeal, rice bread, noodles)- good since Health Canada encourages more food energy from complex carbohydrates- Why?

6-12 year olds continued

Remember -different kids need different amounts of energy eg females 7-9 = adult female -females 10-12 and males 7-12 need more energy than 9 year old female -dental health-watch the sugars and dental care

6-12 year olds continued

Remember -to encourage healthy eating by: a) b) c) d) e) consistency guidance and support positive role models pleasant meal and snack times access to a variety of nutritious foods

Adolescence

watch intake of: - fat-balance lower and higher fat foods each day - pop-obesity -eating take away foods-burgers, chips etc are a favourite of the species

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Adolescents continued:

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follow Canada’s food guide -for growing teenagers number of servings at top of range -when stop growing come down a serving unless very active