Transcript Document

Lecture 3b
20 Jan 2014
LIFE CYCLE NUTRITION
Child
Adolescent
Child
1-12 years of age
1-5 years
Healthy eating accomplishes:
-energy and nutrients for growth
-develop sense of taste acceptance
and enjoyment of different
foods-significance of this?
-contribution to sense of well being
-instillation of attitudes and
practices for lifelong healthpromoting activity patterns
2-5 years
-age of experimentation- like to try new
foods-significance ?
-striving for independence-eat foods on a
whim (2-3), older ones in group (4-5 years)
like to help select and prepare foods
(significance)
-do not be concerned about dawdling
over food at any one time
-imitate people around them- have other
children and adults set a good example
2-5 year olds continued
-healthy eating is :

being curious about new foods and ways
of eating them;

examining the chicken sandwich before
they eat it;

accepting toast only if it is cut in
triangles;

trying only a bite of squash today maybe more tomorrow;

drinking milk only if they can pour it into
their own glass;
2-5 year olds continued
-healthy eating is :

loving carrots on Tuesday, refusing them
on Wednesday;

insisting the apple be whole - not in slices

wanting a peanut butter sandwich for
lunch every day for a week;

gobbling up the cookies they helped to
prepare when they are fresh from the oven;

preferring simple foods they can
recognise;

drinking soup out of a coffee mug just like
mom's.
2-5 year olds continued
For preschoolers, variety promotes:
•an adequate intake of essential nutrients
•the positive and pleasurable aspects of eating by
exploring a wide range of foods varying in colour,
flavour and texture
•the use of foods and cuisines enjoyed by different
ethnic and cultural groups
2-5 year olds continued
Vegetarianism
lacto-ovo vegetarians
• no one eats meat or fish, however they do eat
milk products and eggs.
• use the Food Guide to choose foods from all the
food groups.
• prepare a variety of dishes using tofu, other
legumes such as dried peas, beans and lentils,
nuts and nut butters, and eggs to meet the
recommended number of servingsfrom the
Meat and Alternatives food group.
Pre-schoolers- 2-5 years old- lacto-ovo-vegetarians
-they get enough protein, iron and zinc
because of milk products, legumes and grain
products eaten every day and eggs a few times a
week.
-ensure they get at least two cups of milk
every day. milk on cereal at breakfast and in soups
and puddings made with milk. -ensures an
adequate intake of vitamin D, calcium and vitamin
B12 –vitamin B12 is found only in foods of animal
origin.
What about strict vegetarians ?
2-5 year olds continued
Introduction of new foods
•Adults and older siblings must be role models for
good eating patterns. Children are more eager to
eat foods that they see family and friends enjoying;
•presenting food in appealing ways by combining
different colours, textures and shapes of food;
offering small quantities of a new food alongside a
familiar one, without pressure to eat the new food;
•serving a new food when children are with their
peers;
2-5 year olds continued
Introducing new foods
•Parents/care-givers-encourage these children to
become familiar with different foods by helping to
grow, buy, prepare or serve them;
•Parents/care-givers being patient. If an unfamiliar
food is not accepted the first time, it can be offered
again later. The more often children are exposed to
new foods, the more likely they will taste them and
learn to accept them.
Introducing new foods -2-5 year olds
•not using foods as rewards. For example,
withholding a sweet dessert until all the
vegetables are eaten may establish a preference
for the dessert and a dislike for the vegetables;
respecting individual food preferences. Every
child has different likes and dislikes.
6-12 year olds
in this range children are learning to make
decisions and beginning to choose for
themselves more often
6-12 year olds continued
-continue to promote healthy eating by
remembering that:
children choose on the basis of :
a) taste
b) family influences
c) school policies and practices
d) volunteers and professionals who work
with children-guidance
including obesity issues
e) media messages-corporate nutrition
f ) peer pressure-kids mimic other kids
6-12 year olds continued
-choose foods that child likes in a food group
while encouraging variety
6-12 year olds continued -remember- water-give
own water bottle
-quenches thirst, is inexpensive,
helps prevent tooth decay and
does not ruin appetite for food
-children like complex
carbohydrate foods
(oatmeal, rice bread,
noodles)- good since Health
Canada encourages more
food energy from complex
carbohydrates- Why??
6-12 year olds continued
Remember
-different kids need different amounts of
energy
Energy requirements
e.g. females 7-9 years = adult female
-females 10-12 and males 7-12 years old
need more energy than 9 year
old female
-dental health-watch the sugars and
dental care
6-12 year olds continued
Remember
-to encourage healthy eating by:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
consistency
guidance and support
positive role models
pleasant meal and snack times
access to a variety of nutritious
foods
Adolescence
-watch
intake of:
- fat-balance lower and higher fat
foods each day
- pop-obesity
-eating take away foods-burgers,
chips etc are a favourite of the
species
Adolescents continued:
- follow
Canada’s food guide:
-for growing teenagers the number of
servings is at top of range for age and
gender
-when stop growing come down a serving
unless very active