Transcript Team Eco-Snow - Keweenaw Research Center

Clean Snowmobile Challenge
2005
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Design Strategy
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Emissions
Noise
Fuel Choice
Suspension
Ergonomics
Design Cost Analysis
Emissions
• Four-Stroke Cycle
Engine
• MoTeC Engine
Management System
• Lean Air/Fuel Ratio
• Lower Exhaust
Emissions with E85
• 3-Way Catalyst
2003 700cc Polaris Sportsman
700 Sportsman
• Availability
• Adaptability for Snowmobile
– CVT Coupling
• Cost
– Approximately 1/3 Price of Sport Bike
Engine
• Fuel Adaptability
– Fuel Injectors
Cylinder Head
Comparison
•Increased Intake and Exhaust Flow to
Improve Performance
•Comparison of Sportsman 700 to
Frontier 780
Volume (CFM) vs. Lift (in)
120
Flow (CFM)
100
80
Intake Valve EFI
60
Exhaust Valve EFI
Intake Valve Old
40
Exhaust Valve Old
20
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Lift (in)
0.4
0.5
Load Simulation
(Dyno Testing)
• Aided in Decision
of Engine
Modifications
• Projected
Horsepower
• Computer
Simulation Used to
Determine Engine
Performance
Fuel Injector Selection
Flow Rate (Gas) =
=
Flow Rate (E85) =
=
HP(expected) X BSFC
# of Injectors X Duty Cycle
45 HP X .5 lbs/hp-hr
2 X 0.8
14.06 lbs/hr x 130%
18.27 lbs/hr
MoTeC Controller
• Closed Loop Operation
• Programmable Fuel and
Ignition
• Improved Emissions and
Fuel Economy
Emissions
•Earth Friendly!
Polaris Frontier 780 cc
MSU E85 683 cc
Weighted
HC
Weighted
CO
NOx
Mode
1
20.12
661.2
27.4
Mode
2
9.77
111.1
33.4
Mode
3
Mode
4
2.69
2.36
69.6
74.4
9.5
3.0
Mode
5
1.72
6.8
0.1
Total
36.66
923.0
46.0
Weight
HC
CO
NOx
Weight
0.12
Mode
1
0.02556
0.00072
0.063
0.12
0.27
Mode
2
0.34695
0.00999
0
0.27
0.25
Mode
3
0.06175
0.00025
0.039
0.25
0.31
Mode
4
0.14477
0
0.446
0.31
0.05
Mode
5
0.9591
0.00005
0.029
0.05
Total
1.53813
0.01029
0.57
g/hp-hr
*Results from 2003 Models
Catalytic Converter
3-Way, 400 cells per inch: reduces CO, HC,
and NOx levels
← Flow
Noise Control
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Under-Seat Exhaust
Walker Quiet-Flow muffler
Soundfoam HT Sound Absorbing Material
Wrap-around Snow Flap
Airbox
Quiet Track
Designed for National Parks and
Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Muffler Selection
• Sound Map for 683
Four-Stroke Cycle
Engine
• Targeted
Frequencies
Muffler Calculations
• Used to Determine Physical Size of Muffler
• 4 dB Loss With Optimal Conical Section
• 15-18 dB Loss With Optimal Cross Section
Walker Quiet-Flow Muffler
•Selected to Dampen Sound at Critical
Frequencies
Sound Absorbing Material
• Absorbing Foam with Noise Reduction
Coefficient of .52
• 2004 MSU Snowmobile Used Material with a .23
NRC
Wrap-Around Snow Flap
• Used to Block Noise Produced by Idler Wheels
• Contain Exhaust Noise Between the Track and
Ground
Air Box
• Dampens Sounds Produced From Intake
Quiet Track
• OEM Arctic Cat Quiet Track
• Special Lamination Process for Reduced
Roughness
E85 Fuel
•Renewable Resource
•Chemically Consistent
•Higher Octane Level
•Higher Oxygen Content
•Lower Energy Density
•Lower Reid Vapor Pressure
•Fuel Heaters
•Total Cost per Mile
Properties of Fuels
85% Ethanol
81,850 BTU/gal
Oxygenated
Low Volatility
108 PON
Gasoline
115,000 BTU/gal
Non-Oxygenated
High Volatility
92 PON
E85 Winter Blend
115,000 BTU/gal X 30%
+ 76,000 BTU/gal X 70%
= 87,700 BTU/gal
Fuel Comparison
Gasoline (92 PON)
Cost: $2.26 per gal
85% Ethanol
$1.79 per gal
E85
•24% Less Energy per Gallon
•21% Less Cost per Gallon
•3% Increased Cost per Mile
Suspension
•Additional Idler Wheels to Reduce
Track Friction and Noise
•Titanium Springs to Lower Weight
•8 Inch Rear Idler Wheels for Less
Rolling Resistance
Ergonomics
• Ergonomically Designed Seat Designed to
Keep the Riders Legs in a Natural Position
• 2 Inch Handlebar Riser Keeps the
Handlebars Away From the Riders Knees.
• Fox Shocks are Used to Improve Handling.
Cost of Modifications
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Engine
Fuel System
Exhaust
Electronics
Noise Treatment
Total
$506.45
$127.00
$236.00
$133.00
$24.00
$1,026.45
Cost Goals
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2001 Polaris Stock Sled
Total Cost of Modifications
Total Cost Overall
Percent Increase
$4,500.00
$1,026.45
$5,526.45
23%
Summary
• Engine Simulation
• Engine Modifications
• Noise Analysis
• Suspension Modifications
• Ergonomics
Sponsors
Minnesota Corn Growers Assosation,
OTC, MnUSA, LubeTech, MoHawks,
Steve Shallbetter, QA1, Pro Corn
Plus, Ethanol2000, Pro-Corn LLC
Questions?