Transcript Centralia College Writing Center

Kemp 105
Monday -Thursday 9 to 3
Friday 9 to 1
APA Formatting and Style
Overview
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This presentation will cover:
 2009 updates to APA
 General APA guidelines
 First page format
 Section headings
 In-text citations
 Formatting quotations
 Reference page
APA Update 2009
2009 changes in APA:
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Simplified guidelines for formatting section headings
Modified discussions of abstract, methods, results,
and discussion sections
Expanded information on how to report data in
various forms, including graphs, charts, etc.
New instructions for citing materials with no page
numbers
Updated and expanded citation guidelines for
electronic sources to reflect changes in technology
New expanded section on Journal Article Reporting
Standards
Your Instructor Knows Best
#1 Rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Format: General Guidelines
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Margins: one inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right)
Font Size and Type: 12-pt font (Times Roman or Courier are
acceptable typefaces)
Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper, including the
title page, body of the document, and references.
Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after all punctuation. This
includes using one space (not two) following punctuation marks at
the end of sentences.
Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin)
Paragraph Indentations: 5 spaces
Pagination: The page number appears on the upper right edge of
each page of the paper
Paper: Use plain white 81/2 x 11 paper. Multiple pages are stapled
in the upper left-hand corner. Do NOT enclose in binder or file.
Format: General Guidelines
(continued)
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Header with page numbers in the upper
right corner
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Use italics for titles of longer works
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Endnotes go on a separate page before
your Reference page
Formatting the 1st Page
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No title page
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Double space everything
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In the upper left corner of the 1st page, list your
name, your instructor’s name, the course, and date
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Center the paper title (use standard caps but no
underlining, italics, quote, or bold)
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Create a header in the upper right corner at half
inch from the top and one inch from the right of the
page (include your last name and page number)
Sample 1st Page
Marie Thompson
The Voice of Democracy 1
Jane Hammond
Psychology 200
November, 3 2008
The Voice of Democracy:
Life Cycle and Political Behavior in Post Communist Russia
Protest activity constitutes an important part of democratic politics. In
the post-communist context, the propensity to challenge authorities can be
considered as a sign of changing public attitudes toward political participation.
Over the past decade, scores of post-communist studies sought to explain
patterns of political behavior by concentrating on such short-term factors as
subjective well-being and long terms factors such as age and gender (Coleman
& Polodskij, 2007; Nikolayenko, 2008).
Formatting Section Headings
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Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting
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Top-down progression is used, for example if there
are three levels of headings, you would use Levels 1,
2, and 3.
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The introductory section to a paper does not require
a heading since it is assumed that the first section in
your document is an introduction.
Sample Section Headings
Level 1
Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and
Lowercase Heading
Level 2
Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
Level 3
Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading
ending with a period.
Level 4
Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph
heading ending with a period.
Level 5
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading
ending with a period.
In-Text Citations: the Basics
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APA uses parenthetical citations
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Parenthetical citations depend on the medium
(e.g. Print, Web, DVD)
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Parenthetical citations also depend on the source’s
entry on the References page
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Signal word in the text is the first thing in the
corresponding entry on the Reference page
Author-Page Style
In-text Example:
Although Russia has regained her autonomy and independence
economically in recent years, many citizens are silent in their
public opinion (Coleman & McCulloch, 1990).
Corresponding References Entry:
Coleman, P.G. & McCulloch, A.W. (1990). Societal change,
values and social support: exploratory studies into
adjustment in late life. Journal of Aging Studies, 4(4), 321332.
Print Source with Author
In-text Example:
Post-communist citizens, in particular, have lived
through immense political, economic, and social
transitions that might have exacerbated age-related
ideological cleavages in society (Beissinger, 1986).
Corresponding Reference Entry:
Beissinger, M. (1986). Life cycle, generational and
protest potential in Yeltsin’s Russia. World Politics,
38(2), 288-314.
With Unknown Author
In-text Example:
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The quality of the neighborhood to which
children are exposed affects a variety of long-
run social outcomes (“Consequences,” 1997).
Corresponding Reference Entry:
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Consequences of growing up poor. (1997).
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). New
York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Other In-Text Citations 1
Citing Indirect Sources
In-text Example:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social
service centers, and they don't do that well” (qtd. in Weisman,
1984).
Multiple Citations
In-text Example:
. . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke, 2003; Dewey, 1998).
Other In-Text Citations 2
Sources from the Internet
In-text Example:
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The Theory of Mind indicates that pretend play might be a tool that
helps children realize that thoughts, not reality, guide people's actions,
utterances and emotions (Bergen, 2006).
Corresponding References Entry:
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Bergen, D. (2006). The role of pretend play in children’s cognitive
Development. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 4(1). Retrieved
February 1, 2004 from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/bergen.html
Formatting Short Quotations
In-text Examples:
According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes, 2005), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound
aspects of personality” (2005).
Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes, 2005)?
Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there /
That's all I remember” (1994).
Formatting Long Quotations
In-text Example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her
narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room,
and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping
it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing
his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw’s door, and there he found it on
quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was
obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and
inhumanity was sent out of the house (Bronte , 1856).
Adding/Omitting Words
In-text Example for Adding Words:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some
individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning
every rumor or tale” (2003).
In-text example for Omitting Words:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that
“some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor
or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details
occurs” (2003).
ReferencesPage: The Basics
Sample References page:
REFERENCES
Beissinger, M. (1986). Life cycle, generational and protest potential in
Yeltsin’s Russia. World Politics, 38(2), 288-314.
Burns, N. (2002). Gender: Public opinion and political action. In I. Katznelson & H.
Milner (eds.), In political science: The state of the discipline, New York:
Norton.
Coleman, P.G., Ivani-Chalian, C. & Robinson, M. (1993). Self-esteem and its
sources: stability and change in later life. Ageing and Society, 13(2), 171-192.
Coleman, P.G. & McCulloch, A.W. (1990). Societal change, values and social
support: exploratory studies into adjustment in late life. Journal of Aging
Studies, 4(4), 321-332.
Reference Page: Books
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Example of Basic Format:
Burns, N. (2002). Gender: Public opinion and political
action. In I. Katznelson & H. Milner (eds.), In
political science: The state of the discipline, New
York: Norton.
Reference Page: Periodicals
Article in a Magazine Format:
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Author(s) (Date of publication). ‘Title of Article.” Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue),
pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
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Buchman, Dana (2006). “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping, 14(2), 143-148. Print.
Article in Scholarly Journal Format:
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Author(s) (Date of publication). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume(Issue),
pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
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Duvall, John N (1994). “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television
as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo’s White Noise.” Arizona
Quarterly, 50(3),127- 153. Print.
Reference Page: Web
Web Source Format:
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.
Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if available).
Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com
Examples:
 Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart:
For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from
http://www.alistapart.com
Database Format:
 Author(s) (Date of publication). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal,
Volume(Issue), pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
 Clark, G. (2001). “No more aches and pains.” Woman’s Day,
65(1), 54-56. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com
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