Transcript Slide 1

APA Style Workshop
An Introductory Presentation Based on the
6th Edition APA Style Manual
This presentation will cover…
 What is APA Style?
 How does APA Style look?
 Title Page
 In-Text Citations
 Reference Page
 Headings
 Questions?
WHY USE APA STYLE?
•Allows reader to crossreference sources easily
•Consistent format within a
discipline
•Gives credibility as a writer
•Protection from plagiarism
when used properly
WHERE IS APA STYLE LOCATED?
•Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, 6th ed.
•Writing Tutors – School of Social
Work and University Wide
•American Psychological Association
www.apastyle.org
•OWL website – FREE to all:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu
Current APA Style Manual…
An APA Style Checklist…
 Double spacing throughout
 1 inch margins on all sides of page
 A complete title page
 A legible 12 pt. font throughout
 Manuscript pages have a running head along with the page number
on each page
 A complete reference page
 Clearly labeled appendices
 Proper citations throughout
TITLE PAGE
•Student’s paper in APA Style
should include a title page.
•Include the paper’s title and
the author’s name and
affiliation.
APA STYLE: TWO MAIN CONCERNS
•In-Text Citations
•Reference Page
In-Text Citations
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
When Should Students Use In-Text Citations?
 When summarizing facts
and ideas from a source
 When paraphrasing a source
 When quoting any words
that belong to others
QUOTES IN TEXT
 Author’s last name, publication year,
and page number(s) of quote must
appear in the text:
1. According to Smith (2006), "Students
often had difficulty using the library,
especially when it was their first time" (p.
75).
2. She stated, "Students often had difficulty
using the library" (Smith, 2006, p. 75), but
she did not offer an explanation as to why.
PARAPHRASING IN TEXT
If you paraphrase an idea from a source, you only have to make
reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference,
but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number
(although it is not required).
 According to Johnson (2006), APA style is a difficult citation format for
first-time learners.
 APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Johnson,
2006, p. 199).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Sometimes additional information is necessary
 If citing a work that has no author, no date, and no
page numbers
 ("Tutoring and APA," n.d.).
 Two or more works in the same parentheses
 (Yee, 1996; Leone, 1975; Gill, 1997).
 Work with three or more authors
 (Van Dyke et al., 1998).
 Specific part of a source
 (Jones, 1995, ¶. 2). or (Jones, 1995, chap. 2).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
A reference to a personal
communication:
Source: email message from W.
Geoffrey Young
Citation: (W. G. Young, personal
communication, May 16, 2011).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Long Quotations (block quotes)
Example:
Statham (1993) found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first
time citing sources. This difficulty could
be attributed to the fact that many
students failed to purchase a style manual
or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
Reference Page
REFERENCE PAGE
A Reference Page is Necessary in an APA
Style Paper
•A list of every source that a
student makes reference to
in an essay.
•Provides the information
necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any
sources cited in an essay.
•Each retrievable source cited
in an essay must appear on
the reference page, and vice
versa.
Sample Reference Page…
Photo source:
http://www.matchware.com/en/special/apabibliography.php
Reference Page Continued…
Secondary sources…
In-Text citation would be…
In Smith’s study (as cited in Jones
1993), ...
In the reference page, Jones would be
listed as a source.
Use secondary sources VERY sparingly.
More Examples of References…
 A journal article with one author
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of
Comparative
and Physiological Psychology, 45,
893-896.
 A source with no known author
Cigarette sales fall 30% as California tax rises. (1999,
September 14). New York Times, p. A17.
Headings in APA Style
WHY USE HEADINGS IN APA STYLE?
 APA Style uses headings to help a reader easily
understand the organization of a paper
 Levels of heading establish via format or appearance
the hierarchy of sections to orient the reader
 All topics of equal importance have the same level
heading throughout a paper
WHY HEADINGS MAKE SENSE
Transitions are clear
Easy to orient the reader
Most published work we read
contains headings for ease of
reading, why shouldn’t papers?
THREE EXAMPLES OF HEADINGS
 One level
Centered Boldface Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
 Two levels
Centered Boldface Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
Flush Left Boldface Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
 Three levels
Centered Boldface Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
Flush Left Boldface Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
Indented boldface lowercase paragraph letters ending
with a period.
Suggestions For Further Reading…
 On Writing Well, 25th Anniversary : The Classic Guide
to Writing Nonfiction by William K. Zinsser
 Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, Sixth Edition
by - American Psychological Association
 Purdue University’s Writing Lab http://owl.english.purdue.edu
 Plagiarism dot org - http://www.plagiarism.org
 http://doso.wayne.edu/studentconduct/Academic_Integrity.html
THE END!
If you have any additional questions regarding
APA Style, please make an appointment with
your tutor!