Transcript SEI & InfinitEnergy

Offshore Wind Resources in
the Southeast
Bill Bulpitt, Susan Stewart, & Mary Hunt
Georgia Tech Strategic Energy Initiative
The Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Wind Summit
September 19-20, 2005
1
Introduction
• Feasibility study carried out on offshore
wind energy potential in coastal Georgia
– Funded by NSF PFI grant: InfinitEnergy, A
Coastal Georgia Partnership for Innovation
2
Current Study
• South Atlantic Bight
– 6 years of highly creditable wind data
– 50 m above ocean surface
3
SE Continental Shelf
• 80 miles wide
• < 50 m deep
• Conventional foundation technology
– <20-30 m
• Plenty of shallow water over horizon
4
Wind Data
Details
• 40 miles offshore
• 50m above ocean
surface
• 27m water depth
• 6 Minute Interval
Data from
6/1999- present
– Wind Speed @ 50m
• Min, Max & Deviation
– Wind Direction @
50m
• Deviation
Navy/Skidaway Instrumentation Platforms
Annual Wind Speed Distribution (Year
2000)
25
20
% Time
15
10
5
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Wind Speed (m/s)
6
Wind Power Classifications
P/A=1/2rV3
Wind
Power
Class
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Wind Power
Density (W/m2)
0 to 200
200 to 300
300 to 400
400 to 500
500 to 600
600 to 800
800 to 2000
7
6 Year Data Averages
Avg. Wind
Speed
Avg.
Power
Density
(m/s)
(W/m2)
1
8.26
626.7
6
2
8.09
559.8
3
8.13
4
Avg. Wind
Speed
Avg. Power
Density
(m/s)
(W/m2)
7
6.04
259.8
2
5
8
6.07
322.0
3
585.0
5
9
8.43
632.4
6
7.38
397.3
3-4
10
6.96
397.9
3-4
5
6.76
324.9
3
11
7.28
516.4
5
6
6.29
463.1
4
12
7.96
571.0
5
Month
6 year Avg.
7.36 m/s
Approx.
Class
Month
479.3 W/m2
Approx.
Class
Class 4
8
Monthly Average Wind Speed
Over 6 Year Period
6 Year Monthly Average Wind Speed (m/s)
9
8
Class 7
Class 6
Class 5
Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
9
Monthly Average Wind Power
Density Over 6 Year Period
6 Year Monthly Average Wind Power (W/m^2)
1000
900
800
Class 7
Class 6
Class 5
Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
10
6 Year Averaged Power Density and Frequency
6 Year Average Wind Direction
7
Power Density
6
Frequency
5
4
3
2
1
0
as a Function of Radial Direction
(axis indicates % of time (for frequency) and % of total power (for power density))
11
Sample Wind Turbine
Specifications
• 2.0 MW
–
–
–
–
–
Hub height: 80m
Rotor Diam: 90m
Swept Area: 6362 m2
3.5-25 m/s
Nominal wind speed:
11.5 m/s
• 3.6 MW
–
–
–
–
–
Hub height: ~70m-100m
Rotor Diam.: 104m
Swept Area: 8495m2
3.5-27 m/s
Nominal wind speed:
14m/s
12
Changes in Hub Height
• Logarithmic Law for adjustment to hub height, z:
z
ln  
l

VZ  V50
 50 
ln  
 l 
– roughness length, l = 0.0002 m (open water)
13
Wind Power Curves
4000
3600
3200
3.6 MW
2.0 MW
2800
kW
2400
2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
m/s
14
Average kWh/year
Month
Avg Wind Speed
@ 50m (m/s)
A 3.6 MW (kWh)
@ 80m
B 2.0 MW (kWh)
@ 80m
1
8.26
1,025,878
703,007
2
8.09
898,333
671,284
3
8.13
955,704
680,881
4
7.38
745,189
570,739
5
6.76
627,457
480,102
6
6.29
491,300
398,100
7
6.04
497,048
413,725
8
6.07
495,854
382,501
9
8.43
890514
737,301
10
6.96
638,718
455,669
11
7.28
800,757
554,307
12
7.96
942,619
653,202
Annual
7.36
9,009370
6,700,817
15
Capacity Factors
• Turbine A (3.6 MW)
– 28.6%
• Turbine B (2.0 MW)
– 38.2%
16
Estimated Cost of Energy
20 Year Amortization
Cost includes 1.8 cents/kWh O&M and Production Tax Credit
12.0
2.0 MW Wind Turbine
10.0
Cents/kWh
8.0
Conventional Technology Fuel Costs
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
Financial Discount Rate (%)
17
Conclusion
• Study concludes that offshore wind energy
in the Southeast warrants further study
– Resource more significant than early reports
– Could generate economically competitive
electricity
18
U.S. Offshore Wind Power
Jurisdictional, Regulatory &
Permitting Issues
19
Jurisdictional Issues
• Local Waters (impact on coastal lands
and/or waterways)
• State Waters - coastline to three miles
• Federal Waters - three miles to 12 miles
• Exclusive Economic Zone – to 200 miles
20
(cont.) Jurisdictional Issues
• No existing wind power generation facilities exist in
U.S. coastal waters
• Jurisdictional authority was recently granted to the
Minerals Management Services (MMS) to
oversee/regulate national policy for offshore wind
developments
• The USACE will remain the agency responsible for
permitting offshore wind structures in U.S. coastal
waters (based on Section 10 of the Rivers and
Harbors Act)
21
Regulatory Issues
• Key Factors Determining the Full Range of
Applicable Regulatory Requirements
–
–
–
–
–
Project size and location
Landfall grid connection location
Jurisdictional boundaries of the ocean (state/federal)
Competing ocean uses around the project footprint
Protected, historic or sensitive areas - both in the ocean
and on coastal lands
22
Permitting and Policy Issues
• Primary objective of permit is public
involvement
– Section 10 of the RHA provides for permit
authority
– Permit Application Initiates
• Public hearings
• NEPA review – may trigger either
– Environmental Assessment (EA) which may result in a
FONSI or Finding of No Significant Impact
– Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
23
Tybee Island Substation
24
Comments on Tybee Island
•Geographic Characteristics
–Commercial and residential area
–School nearby
•Substation Characteristics
–Needs to be upgraded
–Large footprint
•Landfall Options
–Distance to ocean: 500 yards (go through residential and
commercial area and sand dune restoration area to get to
ocean)
25
Viewshed – Robert Moses Park
~ 0.5 nautical miles from shore
~ 7.0 nautical miles from shore
Horns Rev
Country: Denmark
Location: West Coast
Total Capacity: 160 MW
Number of Turbines: 80
Distance to Shore: 14-20 km
Depth: 6-12 m
Capital Costs: 270 million Euro
Status: Operational
Construction Date: 2002
Manufacturer: Vestas
Total Capacity: 2 MW
Turbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter / 70m hubheight
Mean Windspeed: 9.7 m/s
Annual Energy output: 600 GWh
Windfarm Developer: Elsam
http://www.hornsrev.dk/Engelsk/default_ie.htm
29
Scroby Sands
Country: United Kingdom
Location: East Anglian Coast, 3km east of Great Yarmouth
Total Capacity: 60 MW
Number of Turbines: 30
Distance to Shore: 2.5 km
Depth: 4-8 m
Capital Costs: about 110 million Euro
Status: Built
Construction Date: 2003
Manufacturer: Vestas
Total Capacity: 2 MW
Turbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter/ 60m hubheight
Mean Windspeed: 7.5 m/s
Annual Energy output:
Windfarm Developer: E.ON UK
30
Arklow Bank Site Details
• 60 km south of
Dublin
Arklow
• 7 - 12 km from
coast
• 24 km long 2.5
km wide
Arklow Project Statistics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Turbines
Dept of piles
Weight of piles
Weight of turbines
Blades
Nacelle/Hub height
Rotational speed
Distance offshore
Onshore cable
Voltage
Rotor diameter
25MW serves
•
•
•
Sandbank 24 miles long & 2.5 wide, depths 3 -20 m
Largest commercially operating turbines installed to date
Largest consented offshore site todate
Source: McAdam
3.6MW x 7
35-45m
280tonne (5m diameter)
290tonne
50.5m, 15tonne each
73.5M
8.5 – 15 rpm
10km
5km
38kV distribution connected
104m > soccer pitch area
16,000 households (Irish)