Transcript Chapter 25, Section 2 - Union Endicott High School

Chapter 26, Section 2:
FDR & the New Deal
Main Idea: The New Deal restored
hope by providing programs that
aimed at relief, recovery, and
economic reform.
A. Franklin D. Roosevelt
A Devastating Disease
FDR was stricken with polio in 1921, leaving him
paralyzed & confined to a wheel chair afterward.
He served as governor of NY & President in a wheel chair.
A Call to Action
FDR spoke at the Democratic national convention:
“I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.”
In campaign speeches, he promised to help the
jobless, poor farmers, and the elderly.
Roosevelt defeated Hoover in 1932 in a landslide &
the Democrats won many new seats in Congress.
Inaugural Address: “…the only thing we have to
fear is fear itself…” (spend, invest, deposit)
FDR’s approach was to take action (unlike Hoover).
Americans welcomed this change & new energy.
“This nation asks for action and action now.”
“…try it. If it fails, admit it and try another. But above
all try something.”
B. The Hundred Days
Brain Trust – economic experts (many college
professors) who helped FDR plan new programs
Harold Ickes – Secretary of the Interior
Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor (1st female
Cabinet member)
Saving the Banks
Restoring faith in banks – FDR declared a “bank
holiday” where all banks were closed for 4 days.
Only those that passed a government inspection
could reopen (this encouraged people to redeposit).
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Fireside Chats – FDR’s radio speeches (30) that
explained what the government was doing &
reassured people that things would improve.
A Flood of New Laws
Hundred Days – FDR’s first 3 months in office
where Congress passed 15 new laws to improve the
economy & provide help for the needy (New Deal).
Main Goals of New Deal:
Relief- create jobs &/or provide $ for unemployed
Recover- get the economy going again
(industry & agriculture)
Reform- fix problems to prevent future depressions
II. plans for
I. Relief for
economic
the jobless
Recovery
The New Deal had three major goals:
III. Reforms to
prevent another
depression
Concluding
Videos:
1) FDR (3:26)
2) First New
Deal: First
Hundred Days
(5:26)
New Deal agencies are commonly known by
their initials. “Some New Deal Agencies” chart
is on back of notes with explanations.
CCC, FERA, WPA, NRA, PWA, AAA, REA,
TVA, FDIC, SSA, SEC, NYA…
C. Relief for the Jobless
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Paid young men between 18 & 25 $1/day
to plant trees, build parks, etc. (CVSP)
•
Conserved natural resources & created jobs.
Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)
• Gave federal $ to state & local agencies to
help the unemployed with direct relief
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Put jobless to work building hospitals,
schools, airports, etc.
• Hired artists, photographers, actors,
writers, and musicians for various projects.
•
•
Murals in post offices (including Endicott’s)
Plays & concerts, sharecropper interviews, etc.
New Deal mural entitled "Endicott, 1901--Excavation for the Ideal Factory" painted
by S. Douglass Crockwell in 1938. Mr. Crockwell also painted murals for the post
offices in Macon, MS and White River Junction, Vermont.
D. Promoting Recovery
Helping Industry
The New Deal tried to control production, stabilize prices, and keep workers on the job.
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Each industry had codes (sets of rules) for production, wages,
prices, & working conditions that companies were to abide by.
Companies that followed these codes stamped a blue eagle on their
products, & the gov’t encouraged people to do business with them.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Hired construction workers for thousands of projects.
Dams, public schools, aircraft carriers, deep-water port.
Helping Farmers
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
The gov’t paid farmers to grow less, & to destroy surplus crops & animals.
This would raise farm prices, allowing farmers to make more money.
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Extended electrical service to people in rural areas/farms.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Rebuilt the Tennessee River Valley, the poorest region in the
country at the time (experienced many floods & much poverty).
Built 49 dams in 7 states to control flooding. They also produced
cheap electricity & improved the economy of the region.
E. Preventing Another Depression (Reform)
Congress reformed the economy by passing laws to regulate the
stock market & the banking system, hoping to prevent another
major depression by fixing the main causes of this one.
Truth-in-Securities Act – designed to end speculating (risky
trading) on the stock market, a major cause of the 1929 crash.
• Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) – regulates & oversees
the stock market to prevent future crashes. Has the power to halt
trading in the event that another crash might occur.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – insured
savings accounts in banks approved by the government. If that
bank failed, the government would ensure depositors got their $.