The New Deal

• • • • • • • • •

Vocab

20th amendment relief recovery reform bank holiday New Deal amendment 100 days (hundred days) direct relief • indirect relief • brain trust • public works program • Second New Deal • Wagner Act • closed shop • Social Security System • Fireside chat

Relief-Recovery- Reform

relief-

1 st ASAP money ,food or other help given to those who need it.

recovery-

2 nd to regain or make improvements from on state or condition.

reform-

3 rd fix what is broke so it does not break again

Goals of the New Deal

First 100 Days 1. Restore the nations hope 2. Stabilize financial institutions 3. Provide

relief

to the poor and create jobs DIRECT VS INDIRECT RELIEF 4. Create a plan to regulate the economy

Second 100 Days

1. Pass new labor laws 2. Create and expand the New Deal agencies 3. Establish Social Security to provide old age pension and unemployment insurance.

Restore the nations hope

How?

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”.

Eleanor visits the Bonus Army Fireside chats promising the New Deal RRR to fight the Great Depression First 100 days provide relief

, create jobs and stimulate economic recovery hopefully reform and (change) will follow

Stabilize financial institutions

How?

Bank holiday Emergency Banking Act Glass Stegal Banking Act creates the FDIC Federal Securities Act SEC US goes off gold standard

Provide Relief - Create Jobs

FERA $

Harry Hopkins into

public works programs CWA

Civil Works Administration

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corporation Indian Reorganization Act Women

Plan and Regulate the Economy

NIRA PWA

National Industrial Recovery Act creates the economy

NRA

Public Works Administration with Harold Ickes Helping the farmer and homeowner

FHA

Federal Housing Administration

AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Act

TVA

Tennessee Valley Authority

Key Players

Braintrust

FDR first president to appoint a women to a cabinet position Frances Perkins became the Sec. of Labor FDR also hired African American Bethune headed a part of the

NYA who created the “black cabinet” Eleanor his wife

New Deal Setbacks

Not enough results = blame game Court declared the constitution.

farmers in the

NIRA unconstitutional

Court struck down the tax that helped

AAA.

Time to regroup .

Support still there: wins 1934 election

. Gave FDR too many powers not written the

Second New Deal Goals

Create and expand the New Deal agencies

• Created more social welfare ( to help those in need) • Put stricter controls on business. Limit unfairness • Support for unions • Taxes on the rich

• • •

New Agencies

WPA

Work Progress Administration created jobs in construction and arts program

Resettlement Administration

helped tenant farmers and share croppers

REA

gave loans to for power plants to create electricity in rural areas

New Labor Laws

• Wagner Act allowed collective bargaining and

closed shops

members only) and sets up the to be the police force to enforce • Fair Labor Standards act bans child labor and creates a minimum wage • Social Security System (union

NLRB

The Alphabet Soup

FOLDABLE: CATEGORIZE AGENCIES AS RELIEF RECOVERY REFORM

• FERA • CCC • CWA • NYA • WPA • HOLC • TVA

Relief

Recovery

• AAA WAGNER ACT NLRB • NRA • PWA • FDIC • FHA • Resettlement administration • FSA • REA

• FDIC • SEC • SSA

Reform

FDR wins 1936 election

FDR WINS BY A LANSLIDE BUT THERE WERE MANY CRITICS WAITING TO ADD THEIR 2 CENTS!

FDR’s Critics

16:2 Vocab • American Liberty League • Demagogue • Nationalization • Deficit spending • Court packing

Criticisms of the New Deal

pp 545-551

LIMITATIONS

• The New Deal fell short of many people’s expectations.

• The one quarter of all employed workers. It set the minimum wage at 25 cents an hour, which was below what most workers already made.

• The Women and Blacks

Fair Labor Standards Act NRA

covered fewer than codes, in some cases, permitted lower wages for women’s work, and gave boys and men strong preference in relief and job programs.

MORE Limitations

• No New Deal programs protected domestic service, the largest female occupation.

• Many federal relief programs in the South reinforced racial segregation. WHY? • The Social Security Act excluded farmers and domestic workers AND it failed to cover nearly two thirds of working African Americans.

MORE LIMITS FDR also refused to support a bill to make lynching a federal crime because he feared that his support of the bill would cause southern Congressmen to block all of his other programs.

Political Critics

New Deal Does Too Much

• A number of Republicans, in Congress and elsewhere WERE AGAINST Roosevelt did too much.

• Wealthy people regarded FDR as their help others out and pay for the help he

Political Critics

• FDR’s political enemies felt the SSA penalized the successful when people were assigned SS #’s • A group called the

American Liberty League

charged the New Deal with limiting individual freedom in an unconstitutional, “un-American” manner.

Progressives and Socialists

New Deal Does Not Do Enough

• Many Progressives and Socialists attacked the New Deal because they believed that the programs did not help enough .

• Novelist Upton Sinclair believed that the entire economic system needed to be reformed. Maybe????

His “End Poverty in California” (EPIC), called for a new economic system in which the state would take over factories and farms.

• Truth be told… The New Deal was not successful at

eliminating poverty. It did give American’s hope!

Other Critics

• Other New Deal critics were scare tactics.

• Father Charles E. Coughlin

demagogues ,

leaders who often contradicted himself. He believed the good idea.

• Huey Long,

nationalization

, or government takeover and ownership, of banks and the redistribution of wealth was a one time governor of Louisiana, and then United States senator, was also a demagogue. He wanted a redistribution of wealth and developed a program called Share-Our-Wealth.

The goal was to limit individual personal wealth and increase the minimal income of all citizens. Long also called for increased benefits for veterans, shorter working hours, payments for education, and pensions for the elderly.

Modern Critics

• Some

historians and economists

believe that the the greatest number of Americans. • They argue that New Deal programs slowed economic progress and threatened America’s belief in

free enterprise

belief that says a police with new rules. an economic and political capitalist economy (private competition with supply and demand instead of

Modern Critics

• Modern critics attacked the policy of paying farmers not to plant. In a time of hunger, the program wasted precious resources. Farm production quotas penalized efficient and less-efficient farmers equally, while the free market would have weeded out inefficiency and rewarded productivity. Survival of the fittest???

• Finally, the New Deal receives criticism from people who oppose

deficit spending–paying out more money

from the annual federal budget than the government receives in revenues. • Debate about the New Deal continues today. Critics believe that the programs violated the free market system. Too much government help.

• Supporters believe that providing relief to the poor and unemployed was worth the compromise.

Court Packing Fiasco

proposed a major court-reform bill. He recommended His argument was that this would lighten the case load

• Critics said that FDR was trying to undermine the powers.

• FDR still wound up with a Court that tended to side with him. Some of the older justices retired and Roosevelt but suffered political damage. Many Republicans This alliance remained a force for years to come.

and

Effects of the New Deal 16:3 Vocab pp

553-559 • Recession • National debt • Revenue • Coalition • Sit down strike

Economical Effects

• Relieved poverty in some segments • Created much more debt • Strengthened unions • Created big public works prjects that cost BIG bucks • Strengthened banks and the stock market

ECONOMICAL • The New Deal worked hard to fix the depression. fix. Then in August of 1937, the economy collapsed again. Industries made less so people lost their jobs.

• The nation entered a

recession,

a period of slow business activity. The new Social Security tax was partly to blame. The tax came directly out of workers’ paychecks, through payroll deductions. With less money in their pockets, Americans bought fewer goods.

Economical

• Americans also had less money because FDR had to cut back jobs • The President had become concerned about the rising

national debt

, or the total amount of money the federal government borrows and has to pay back. The government borrows when its

revenue

, or income, does not keep up with its expenses.

• To fund the New Deal, the government had to borrow massive amounts of money. As a result the national debt rose from

$21 billion in 1933 to $43 billion by 1940

.

• 2008 over 10 trillion

Economical: union impact

• AFL (skilled workers) vs CIO (unskilled workers) • In 1935, some union representatives wanted to create a place for unskilled laborers within the

American Federation of Labor.

They created the Committee for Industrial Organization

(CIO

). The AFL did not support this effort and suspended the CIO in 1936. Booted em out more or less.

• By 1938, the CIO

coalition

, or alliance of groups with similar goals, had 4 million members. John L. Lewis became president of the CIO, which changed its name to the

Congress of Industrial Organization

the strike.

. The aim of the coalition of industrial unions was to challenge the working conditions in factories. Their main tool was

Unions

• The

Wagner Act

, in 1935, legalized collective place. Many work stoppages took the form of

sit down strikes,

in which laborers stop working, but refuse to leave the building and supporters set up picket lines outside. Together the strikers and the picket lines prevent the company from bringing in scabs, or non-union substitute workers. These tactics, although not always successful, proved quite powerful. In 1939, the Supreme Court outlawed the sit-down strike as being too potent a weapon and prevented workers and the

Political

Changed peoples view of the role of the government Expanded the federal government in peoples lives Produced much political controversy.

Extended the power of the president.

Was the New Deal a benefit to America or a hindrance

Social

• Left out help for tenant farmers • Discriminated against women • Provided hope for Americans • Renewed peoples faith in their government

Cultural

• Government provided $ to encourage popular and fine artists with jobs • Funded research for James Magee and Walker Evans to stay with sharecroppers • Created a federal writers project • Created a federal music project • Created a federal theater project • FRD believed that the arts should be available to all Americans

The Legacy

The New Deal attempted to help all but fell short at times.

These federal agencies still exist today TVA SEC SSA Many public works projects still exist Most of all…HOPE was the true legacy!