Transcript INTRODUCTION - Plantsbrook School

Mental Preparation for Performance
7/18/2015
INTRODUCTION
Within competitive sport general performers are
continually in situations that affect their emotional state.
Certain emotional states can strengthen a person’s
motivation and enhance performance. However, being in
an energised state, creating drive and experiencing
increased arousal as a result of stress can lead to anxiety,
which in turn, may have a negative effect of performance.
In some cases it has
resulted in serious anxiety
attacks and even heart
attack!
SO HOW CAN WE ENSURE
PERFORMANCES ARE
MAXIMISED, AND NOT
EFFECTED BY EMOTIONAL
STATES?
GOAL SETTING
‘A goal is what an individual is trying to accomplish. It is the
object or aim of an action’ (Lock 1981)
Goal-setting is generally seen as an extremely
powerful technique for enhancing performance
and maintaining motivation to continue
participation.
HOW??
Goals have three different lengths, long
term, medium term and short term.
A Long term goal is a strong motivating force and could be
described as the ultimate aim or dream “To compete at
olympics”
Medium term goals give the opportunity for achievement on a
monthly or annual basis “To represent my county this year”
Short term goals are awarded and reviewed on a daily or weekly
basis, and allow feedback concerning the progress towards a
long/medium goal “To run a personal best this week”
CAN YOU GIVE A DIFFERENT EXAMPLE FOR EACH?
Two Types
of Goal
OUTCOME GOALS
Referred to as EGO or ABILITY goals
Outcome goals are externally controlled
and concern winning or losing, for e.g. To
win the competition. Outcome goals are
determined by the strength of the
opposition. An athlete could perform to
maximum potential but fail to win the
competition
PROCESS of PERFORMANCE GOALS
Referred to as TASK or MASTERY goals
Process goals relate to measurable results,
which related directly to the performer. To
achieve a personal best or to score more
runs than last season are examples. Process
goals tend to be more flexible and relate to
the effort and ability of the performer
Look at the following pictures, are they,
OUTCOME GOALS or PROCESS of PERFORMANCE
GOALS - Discuss?
S.M.A.R.T.E.R GOALS
The following principles
describe the qualities
required for the effective
setting of goals!
SPECIFIC - directly related to sporting situation
MEASURABLE - progress can be assessed
ACCEPTED - by both performer and coach
REALISTIC - challenging but within capability of performer
TIME PHASED - a date is set for completion
EXCITING - inspiring and rewarding to the performer
RECORDED - written down
SELF CONFIDENCE
All performers are more likely to
produce better performances if
they have belief in their own
abilities to complete the task
Think about your own
experiences; if you have high
levels of self-confidence have
you achieved a better result?
The importance of self-confidence is highlighted
by GOULD et al:
“The most consistent difference between elite
and less successful athletes is that elite athletes
possess greater self-confidence.”
Bandura’s – SELF EFFICACY
Leading social psychologist Bandura put forward
the notion that as people become competent in
particular skills and situations they develop a
feeling of self-efficacy.
Self efficacy relates to specific situations only and is
not the same as self-confidence, which is far more a
general term. For example a player may have high
self-efficacy when involved in rugby, but lack selfefficacy in racquet games.
SELF-CONFIDENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY
belief that one
can succeed
SELF-CONFIDENCE
SELFCONFIDENCE
an attitude
SELF-EFFICACY
.15
the perception of
an ability to
perform a particular
sporting task
successfully
SELFEFFICACY
7/18/2015
an aspect of
self-esteem
a situation specific
form of
self-confidence
What affects Self efficacy
PAST PERFORMANCE
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE
(modelling)
EFFICACY
EXPECTATIONS
VERBAL PERSUASION
EMOTIONAL and
PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL
SPORTING
PERFORMANCE