Transcript Slide 1

Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Supply
Infrastructure and Emergency Management
in Australia and New Zealand
Dr Hugh Cowan et al.
APEC Seminar on Earthquake
Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems
Taipei, September 3-4, 2003
Introduction
 Dams and canals that store and transport
water for hydro generation account for a
high percentage of the fixed assets for
energy supply systems.
Introduction
 Operations must ensure safety, utility and
retain value. Dam failures although rare,
would result in significant loss of credibility
for all owners.
Regulatory Framework
 No specific dam safety legislation, but welldeveloped guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD)
 Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a
major contribution to fulfilling the
requirements of responsible ownership.
Establish the context
Identify risks
Analyse risks
Evaluate risks
Treat risks
Monitor and review
Communicate and consult
Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999
How do our outputs relate
to local government,
emergency services and
other agencies’ Civil
Defence arrangements?
Monitor and review
Communicate and consult
Establish the context
Identify risks
What external risks do we
face e.g. inter-related
agencies’ outsourcing
contracts?
(all hazards)
Monitor and review
Communicate and consult
Establish the context
Identify risks
Analyse risks
What planning and
activity helps address this
risk across the 4R’s?
Monitor and review
Communicate and consult
Establish the context
Is our sector linked to
others involved in
CDEM?
Treat risks
Monitor and review
Communicate and consult
Are our arrangements
coordinated across our
sector?
Dam Safety Emergency Plan
(e.g. Hydro Tasmania)
Flood Dam Safety Event
Earthquake Dam Safety Event
ACTION
Normal Dam Safety Event
•
•
•
•
Sunny day failures
Abnormal seepage
Acts of sabotage
Operational incidents
DIFFERENT
LOADING
CONDITIONS
Earthquake Alerts
 Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute
directly to Emergency Preparedness by
defining priorities for inspection of facilities
after any significant event.
 Examples follow: Victoria, New South
Wales, Tasmania and New Zealand
Historical Seismicity, Victoria, Australia
Victorian Water Industry Seismic Network
SRC Telemetry System
(MTCL)
Mt. Claude
(MARG)
Lake Margaret
(TRR)
Tarraleah
(GDAM)
Gordon Dam (non
dial-up)
(SCOT)
NEW Scotts
Peak
(POA)
Poatina
New Zealand
High seismic hazard
in some regions
Sparsely populated
Isolated high-value assets
Long, linear transmission
infrastructure
1950
1840 - 2000
M 7.0 +
M 6.5 - 6.9
Most
destructive
historical
earthquakes
occurred
before 1950.
Few people
today have
personal
experience of
damage or
losses
Key Points
 Regions of low seismic hazard can
experience damaging earthquakes
 Regions of high seismic hazard may
experience decades of relative quiet
New Zealand GeoNet
 National coverage for hazard detection and
emergency response
 Designed, built and operated on a non-profit
basis, with all basic data freely available
 Supplemented by local monitoring at highvalue assets
National Strong
Motion Network
National Broadband
Seismograph
Network
Communications
 Some Options:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF
Dial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMA
Leased (analog) lines
Digital Direct lines
Frame relay
Satellite (VSAT)
Internet
Strong Motion National
Network
New Zealand
Dial-out on GSM and
leased
land lines
Real-time, continuous seismic data
Current Preferred Options
 Short distances:
Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges)
 Medium distances:
Dial up telephone or DDS
 Long distances:
Internet or frame relay, usually with
a local short or medium link
Satellite (typically VSAT)
Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Response:
Meridian Energy Ltd
Dam Safety Emergency Response Process
Generation Controller
≥5MMV earthquake
occurs or observation
indicating Level 1 alert.
Generation Controller
Other Event or
Observation indicative of
Level 2 or Level 3 Alert
Generation Controller
3. Contact Dam Safety
Response Co ordinator (DSRC)
4. Advise of any
alarms or potential
safety issues
including loss of
commu nications
Generation Controller
1. Contact Dam Safety
Response Co -ordinator
(DSRC)
2. Advise of any alarms
or potential safety
issues includi ng loss
of communications
Dam Safety Response
Co-ordinator
Inform Emergency
Manager
Dam Safety Response
Co-ordinator
Call out Earthquake
Response Team to
relevant site(s)
Dam Safety Response
Co-ordinator
Inform Emergency
Manager
Dam Safety Response
Co-ordinator
Compile /Call out Dam
Safety Response Team
Dam
SafetyResponse
Team
Carry out inspection
using checklist
Yes
OK?
No
Emergency Manager
Dam Safety Emergency Response Plan
(DSERP)
Dam Safety
Response
Coord.
Report to dam
safety assurance
team*
EPAR Dataflow
* Asset
*
Vulnerabilities
*
Asset
Locations
Earthquake
Location
Earthquake
Magnitude
Importance
Distance
Appropriate
Attenuation
General
Outcomes
GENERAL OUTCOMES in order of
importance.
The Intensity at the epicentre would
Intensity calculated
for every location
*
Importance
Specific
Outcomes
by most people can be expected to
a distance of 13km.
the possibility that the earthquake
will be felt by some people can be
expected to a distance of 68km.
TASKS for Pipehead Control Room
in order of priority.
Telephone Blue Mountains System,
MMI 3):
Vibrations felt by some.
inform them of the event and
instruct them that no action is
MMI 3):
Vibrations felt by some.
Lower Cascade Dam (32km,
MMI 3):
Vibrations felt by some.
Greaves Creek (32km, MMI 3):
Vibrations felt by some.
Asset Vulnerabilities
Damage Expected
Task List
Task List
interest.
Upper Cascade Dam (31km,
Middle Cascade Dam (31km,
Intensities exceeding MMI 4 with
the earthquake being strongly felt
Priority
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES for
Pipehead Control Room in order of
be about MMI 4.
Intensities exceeding MMI 2 and
Asset Locations
Planned
Task List
Fax or Email
report to users
necessary at Upper Cascade
Dam,
Middle Cascade Dam, Lower
Cascade Dam, Lake Medlow, and
Greaves
Creek.
No other tasks prescribed.
Hugh Cowan
Institute of Geological and
Nuclear Sciences Ltd,
Wellington, New Zealand
Wayne Peck
Seismology Research Centre,
Environmental Systems and
Services, Melbourne,
Australia
Jim Walker
Meridian Energy Ltd,
Christchurch, New Zealand
Colin Hill
Melbourne Water, Melbourne,
Australia
Tan Pham
Roy Fenderson
Hydro Tasmania, Hobart,
Australia
AC Consulting Group Ltd,
Wellington, New Zealand