Transcript Goal 2: Expansion and Reform (1801

Warm-Up: Copy and Answer the
Following Questions
• The Monroe Doctrine declared that the US would
– A. prevent the establishment of new European colonies anywhere in the world
– B. Help colonies in North and South America adopt democratic forms of gov’t
– C. View European interference in the Americas as a threat to the national
interest of the US
– D. prevent other nations from trading with South American nations
• The term Manifest Destiny was first used to support
–
–
–
–
A. Independence from Great Britain
B. Westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean
C. Efforts to stop secession of Southern states
D. Laws restricting labor union activity
Goal 2:
Expansion and Reform
(1801-1850)
***Manifest Destiny***
• The idea that God had given the entire
continent to Americans, and wanted them to
settle the western lands
• This meant expanding at any cost: Native
Americans were considered a nuisance to be
gotten rid of
1. Dealing with the Indians
• Lewis and Clark
• Andrew Jackson
• Indian Removal Act – funded the Trail of Tears
• Trail of Tears – thousands of Native Americans
were forced to march to Oklahoma for
resettlement
Worcester v. Georgia
• Sequoyah and the Cherokee sued for the right
to stay on their land
• They won
• Andrew Jackson defied the ruling and forced
them to move anyway
– “John Marshall has made his decision, now let’s
see him enforce it.”
2. Dealing with Slavery
• Sectionalism – growing division between the
North and South
• BALANCE OF POWER IN THE SENATE was
being compromised by slavery
Comparing the North and South
• The North
– Industrial economy, based on manufacturing
– factories relied on poor immigrant workers, not
slaves
– Favored high tariffs
– Favored strong federal gov’t to build roads and
railways, regulate currency, protect trade
Comparing the North and South
• The South
– Agrarian (farming) economy based mostly on
cotton
– Cotton production tied to plantation system –
slavery was key
– Few immigrants from Europe
– Manufactured little, so they opposed high tariffs
– Favored strong STATE gov’t; feared the federal
gov’t would restrict slavery
Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Missouri would be entered as a slave state,
while Maine would be entered as a free state
• 36°30’ would be the dividing line
• MAIN POINT!!! – It was designed to maintain
the balance of power in the Senate, therefore
avoiding war
Which was a successful attempt to
satisfy both Northern and Southern
views on slavery?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Manifest Destiny
Adams-Onis Treaty
Tariff of Abominations
Answer
• The Missouri Compromise of 1820
3. Dealing with Texas…
• Texas was Mexican territory
• Sam Houston led the Texas settlers in a
rebellion against Santa Anna (the Mexican
dictator) in the Battle of the Alamo
• Eventually, the Texans
won freedom
• Texas applied for statehood
but was denied
• Northerners were again afraid of an imbalance
of power if Texas was admitted as a slave state
• Texas remained its own country until it was
finally annexed in 1845
4. Dealing with Oregon
• Lewis and Clark had opened up the Oregon
Trail
• Thousands of American settlers had moved to
the Oregon territory
• Dispute with Britain over control of the
territory
• 54°40’ or Fight!
• Britain gave up the territory because A) it was no
longer profitable and B) they needed the US as a
trade partner
• Oregon became US territory in 1846
• Webster-Ashburton Treaty – established our
northern border with Canada
5. Dealin1g with Mexico…
• The Mexican War (1846-1848), led by Zachary
Taylor
– Used concept of Manifest Destiny to justify the
Mexican War
• Mexico was still angry about Texas; they
crossed the Rio Grande and attacked Taylor’s
troops
• The US won
• MAIN POINT!!! – the Treaty of GuadelupeHidalgo ended the war and gave us New
Mexico and California (known as the Mexican
Cession)
• (California became profitable later, in 1848,
when gold was discovered)
6. Dealing with Slavery…again
• Territory gained from the Mexican War made
everyone nervous again about power
imbalance in the Senate
• Wilmot Proviso – a proposal to make any land
gained from Mexico free territory
• MAIN POINT!!! – Even though it didn’t pass, it
reopened the slave state/free state debate
• The issue of slavery would
continue to be a problem,
eventually leading to the CIVIL
WAR
Transcendentalism
• A set of new ideas and beliefs, emerging in
New England in the mid-1800s, including…
– Literature
– Religion
– Culture
– Philosophy
Major Figures in Transcendentalism
• Henry David Thoreau
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Edgar Allen Poe
James Fenimore Cooper
• Wrote a series of stories called The
Leatherstocking Tales
• They described the adventures of the main
character Natty Bumppo
• Most famous work was The Last of the
Mohicans
• MAIN POINT!!! – Cooper helped create a
distinctly American culture