Transcript Matter-Properties and Changes

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Matter-Properties and
Changes
We will return to Chapter 2 after Chapter 3!
Don’t worry!!
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What you’ll learn

You will distinguish between physical and chemical
properties

You will classify matter by composition.

You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of
mass
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Pretest
How many states of matter exist?
1.
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
What are the states of matter?
2.
a.
Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
b.
Solid and Liquid
c.
Liquid, Gas, and Plasma
d.
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
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Pretest
There is no different between physical and chemical
properties of matter?
3.
4.
5.
a.
True
b.
False
Melting is a physical change.
a.
True
b.
False
Rust is a chemical change.
a.
True
b.
False
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Pure Substance
Substance-
matter that has a uniform
and unchanging composition
Pure
Substance- contain only one type
of matter. Only
Examples: Table Salt, water, sugar
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Is every sample of matter a
substance?
NO!
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Is air a substance?
 Get
with a partner and discuss if air is a substance.
 Here
are some ideas to help you along:
 Composition of air: Nitrogen 78.1%, Oxygen
20.9%, Argon 0.9%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03%,
Other Gases 0.07%
 Each sample of air has a certain amount of water
vapor and pollutants.
 Let’s
take a vote!!
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Physical Properties of Matter
A
physical property can be observed or
measured without changing the sample’s
composition
Examples:
Density, Color, Odor, Taste,
Hardness, Melting Point, Boiling Point
 Panning for gold-uses physical properties
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Extensive and Intensive categories
for Physical Properties of Matter

Extensive Properties are dependent upon the amount of substance
present
Example:
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Mass, Length, Volume
Intensive Properties are independent of the amount of substance
present
Example:
Density, Color
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Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical
property -the ability of a
substance to combine with or change
into one or more other substances
Example: The ability of iron to form
rust when combined with oxygen
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States of Matter
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Physical Properties of matter also include the STATE!
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Four States:
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Solid

Liquid
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Gas
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Plasma
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SOLID
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Particles are tightly packed
together in a rigid arrangement
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Has a definite shape and volume, it
cannot be compressed.
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When heated, a solid expands
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What are some examples?
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Examples: Wood, Iron, Paper, Sugar
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LIQUID
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Particles touch each other but
have more freedom of movement than
those in an solid
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Take the shape of the container holding it
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Is matter that flows
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Liquid’s volume is constant
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Liquid’s tend to expand when heated
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What are examples of liquids?
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Examples: Water, Soda, Juice
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GAS
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Particles are relatively far apart

Are free to move anywhere
inside their container
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Have indefinite shape and indefinite volume

A form of matter that takes the shape
and the volume of its container
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What are some examples of gases?
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Examples: Steam, Methane, Chlorine gas
H2O(g) Steam
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PLASMAS
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Matter that has been heated to very high temperatures
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Resulting in an ionized gas with equal numbers of positive
and negative charges
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Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Property
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Has definite shape
the container
Takes the shape of
of its container
Takes the shape
Volume
Has a definite volume
Has a definite volume
Fills the volume of
the container
Arrangement of
Particles
Fixed, very close
Random, close
Random, far apart
Strong
Essentially none
Interactions between
particles
Very strong
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Solid, Liquid, Gas, or Plasma???
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Physical Changes in Matter
1.
Physical Change
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A change in matter which occurs without changing the
chemical composition
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Cutting, grinding, bending, boiling, melting, dissolving,
condensing usually signify a physical change
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Physical Change Examples
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A change in temperature can also indicate a physical change
H2O(s) ↔ H2O(l) ↔ H2O(g)
0°C
100°C
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Chemical Changes in Matter

AKA Chemical Reaction
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A process that involves one or more
changing into new substances
Sodium
Chlorine
substances
Sodium
Chloride
(SALT)
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Conservation of Mass
 Even
though chemical change occurred, the total
mass involved remained the same.
 The
law of conservation of mass states that matter
is neither created nor destroyed (it is conserved)
Mass(reactants)=Mass(products)
WOOD + OXYGEN

ASH + WATER VAPOR + CARBON DIOXIDE
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Chemical or Physical Change
Dead Leaves Decaying
Rain Puddle Drying Up
Wind Eroding Rocks
Mixing Flour and
Baking Powder
Gasoline Evaporating
Bread Baking in an Oven
Instant tea dissolving in water
Milk Souring
Gasoline Burning
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ANSWERS
wind eroding rocks – PHYSICAL CHANGE
 dead leaves decaying – CHEMICAL CHANGE
 rain puddle drying up – PHYSICAL CHANGE
 mixing flour and baking powder- PHYSICAL CHANGE
 gasoline evaporating – PHYSICAL CHANGE
 bread baking in an oven – CHEMICAL CHANGE
 instant tea dissolving in water – PHYSICAL CHANGE
 milk souring – CHEMICAL CHANGE
 gasoline burning- CHEMICAL CHANGE
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HOMEWORK =)
 Page
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#1-5
 Page
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60
65
# 10-12
Study for Pre-lab Quiz for Colored Water Lab
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For the Remainder of Class
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Hand out Colored Water Lab
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Physical and Chemical Change Worksheet!
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Due end of class! (IF you do not finish-it is ADDITIONAL
HW)!! =)