Water is made of H2O molecules. What do the molecules look like in each state of matter?

Making a foldable for STATES OF MATTER

1.

Fold the paper hot dog style along the dashed line 2.

Cut the top flaps along the solid lines to make three flaps

Flap 1- ?

These particles represent Atoms (if the solid is an element) or Molecules (if the solid is a compound) Solid

Flap #1- Speed of particles: solid  How are the particles moving?

 Tightly packed particles DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place.

© 2013 S. Coates

The only time particles of matter do NOT move, is when the temperature is absolute zero (-459 F)

Shape: solid  Take the wooden block- place it in the beaker  Now place it in the petri dish  Can you fit it in the test tube? (Don’t try, just think about it)  What do you notice about the shape of a solid-does it change?



Solids have a DEFINITE SHAPE

Volume: solid  Take the wooden block and place it in the beaker  Now place it in the petri dish  Could you get it into the test tube? (Don’t try, just think about it)  Does the block take up more or less space depending on its container? Has its volume changed?



Solids have DEFINITE VOLUME

Examples: Solids  Wooden block  Marble  Add two more examples of solids on your own

Flap 2- ?

Liquid

Flap #2- Speed of particles: liquid  How are the particles moving in a liquid?

 Tightly packed particles SLIDE past each other. © 2013 S. Coates

Shape: liquid  Measure 20 mL of water into the graduated cylinder  Pour it into the beaker.

 Use the funnel to pour it into the test tube  What do you notice about the shape of a liquid-does it change in each container?



Liquids have NO DEFINITE SHAPE (they take the shape of the container)

Volume: liquid  Carefully pour the water from the test tube back into the graduated cylinder  How much water is in there?

 Have you added/subtracted any liquid to the water? Has its volume changed?



Liquids have DEFINITE VOLUME

Examples: liquids  Water  Juice  Add two more examples of liquids on your own

Flap 3 - ?

Gas

Flap #3- Speed of particles: gas  How are the particles moving in a gas?

 Particles are not tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. © 2013 S. Coates

Shape: Gas • • Observe the following: Does the gas have the same shape in each container?

Gases have NO DEFINITE SHAPE (They take the shape of the container)

• • Volume: Gas Observe the following: Does the gas fill the container?

What if I change the size of the container? Does the gas take up a different amount of space?

• Gases have NO DEFINITE VOLUME (They can expand or compress to fill the container)

Think about spraying air freshener or body spray, this fragrant gas will expand to fill a room because gas has no definite volume!

Think about passing gas, this smelly gas will expand to fill a room because gas has no definite volume!

Examples: gas  Air  Smoke  Add two more examples of gases on your own

4 th Phase of Matter: Plasma  Particles are moving so quickly it is hard to see what they are actually doing.

© 2013 S. Coates

Examples of Plasma on Earth © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter  Let’s summarize:

Phase Motion of Particles

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Particles vibrate in place Particles are close, but can slide past one another Particles are constantly moving everywhere Unknown

Speed of Particles

Slow Medium Fast Faster than we can see © 2013 S. Coates

Physical Properties of Three States of Matter

Phase Definite Shape?

Definite Volume?

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma © 2013 S. Coates

YES NO NO YES YES NO

Copper Phases - Solid

Copper Phases - Liquid

Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

What do we call it when matter changes from one state to the next?

MELT VAPORIZE/EVAPORATE FREEZE CONDENSE SUBLIMATION

1. A Review of the States of Matter  What phase of matter has the particles with the least amount of motion?

 Solid

2. A Review of the States of Matter  What temperature do particles show NO motion?

 Absolute zero

3. A Review of the States of Matter  What type of motion do particles have in a gas state?

 Very far apart and they move very quickly.

4. A Review of the States of Matter  What properties do liquids and solids have in common?

 Definite volume

5. A Review of the States of Matter  What properties do liquids and gases have in common?

 Both take on the shape of the container they are in.

6. A Review of the States of Matter  Infer: A scientist places 25 mL of a yellow substance into a 50 mL container. The substance quickly fills the entire container. Is it a solid, liquid, or gas and why?

 Gas- takes the shape and volume of the container.

7. A Review of the States of Matter  Why can I smell cookies baking in the kitchen when I am on the other side of the house?

 Gases have no definite volume and will fill the container they are in.

8. A Review of the States of Matter  What is the fourth state of matter?

 Plasma

9. A Review of the States of Matter  Which description best describes a solid?

a.

It has a definite shape and volume b.

c.

It has a definite shape but not definite volume It adjusts to the shape of its container d.

 A It can flow

10. A Review of the States of Matter  In which state of matter do particles stay close together, yet are able to slip past one another?

 liquid

So HOW does matter change its state?