Transcript Document

Overview of Linking: DOI and CrossRef
2002 NFAIS Annual Conference
NFAIS/NISO Linking Workshop
February 24, 2002
Philadelphia
Edward Pentz
Executive Director
What is CrossRef?
• An independent, non-profit membership
organization for ‘pre-competitive’ cooperation
• A cross-publisher network for article-level linking
based on DOIs
• IDF Registration Agency
– There are now four DOI registration agencies, but CrossRef is the
only one whose mission is to implement citation linking and serve
the scholarly community
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Key benefits of the
CrossRef/DOI system
• One process - reduces technology problem
• No bilateral linking agreements needed
» An agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement
with all CrossRef publishers
• A DOI link is a persistent link, unlike a URL
» No stale links in citations or database records.
Publishers can update URLs in one location
» Interoperability – ISSNs, ISBNs, SICIs, PIIs
• Infrastructure for standardized metadata and
services
• Publishers maintain their own business models
while adding value to content
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What does CrossRef do?
• Uses DOI system to make linking to full
text scholarly journal articles efficient,
manageable, and reliable
– Links are between online journals, from
secondary database records and from library
pages
– Outbound links: add end-user utility to content
– Inbound links: bring more users to content
– Mission: to be the complete citation
linking backbone for all scholarly
literature in electronic form
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Who is CrossRef?
• CrossRef is a collaborative, non-profit,
independent membership organization that
employs open standards
• Members: Any publisher of original scholarly
material in electronic form
• Libraries: Enrich online catalogues with outgoing
links to full text, and increase use of digital
archives with incoming links.
• Affiliates and agents: Secondary publishers and
journal hosting services are enhancing their
products with DOI-based citation links.
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Participants
• Libraries: Max Planck Institute, Stuttgart; KAIST
(Korea Advanced Institute of Science
Technology), Boston College
• Affiliates: Maruzen, Cambridge Scientific
Abstracts, Dialog, IFIS (International Food
Information Service), Fiz Karlsruhe, reviews.com,
Swets Blackwell, KINS (Korea Info-New
Service), EBSCO
• Agents: Allen Press, BioOne, American Institute
of Physics, Catchword/ingenta, HighWire,
MetaPress
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How does CrossRef work?
• Publishers deposit metadata (in XML) for
online articles with CrossRef, including a
DOI and URL
• Members and affiliates then query the
central metadata database to find the DOI
matching the reference from which they
want to create a link
• If there is a match, they retrieve the DOI
and add it to their electronic record ...
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How does CrossRef work?
• In an online article, a researcher sees and clicks
the DOI link (it may say “CrossRef” or just
“Article”)
• The DOI resolves to the URL registered by the
publisher
– terms of access to the full text are set by the publisher -in most cases, if the user is entitled to access, she goes
straight to the full text of the article
– Most publishers take non-subscribers to the abstract
• Full bibliographic citation and information on
getting the article at a minimum
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1995.0238
DOI Directory
Prefix
Suffix
http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jmbi.1995.0238
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Citation linking using DOIs
Online article at Publisher “A” website
1.
User reads Publisher A journal article
2. User clicks on DOI reference link
3. URL/location returned
DOI Directory (Handle System)
End User
4. User accesses cited article at
Publisher B website
Online article at Publisher “B” website
Is it working?
YES!
• 102 member publishers, and 40 library or other
affiliates
• More than 5,000 journals in the system
• Over 4.3 million articles registered
• More than 80% of the publishers are currently
depositing and 40% retrieving
• 600,000 – 700,000 DOI resolutions per month
• 500,000 – 1 million articles per year
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Summary: Advantages
of Using DOI
• Persistent identifier
• You only update your own URL changes in one
location
• External links easier - no need to update
• Works across platforms and content types
• Permits enhanced linking
– OpenURL-aware Localized Linking
– Parameter Passing using OpenURL syntax
– Multiple resolution
• URLs are a dead end
– IDEAL
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ScienceDirect
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Next Steps
• Expansion of content types
– conference proceedings and reference works
– enable citation linking and drive traffic to, and sales of,
proceedings papers and book chapters.
• Parameter Passing
– Extra information sent along with a DOI
– (1) track originating journal (2) customize response
pages (3) add return buttons, (4) institute special trading
rules
– OpenURL will be used for CrossRef parameters
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Parameter Example
• [ Referent ] Bergelson, J. 1997. Isolation of a
common receptor for coxsackie B viruses and
adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science. (275) 1320-1323.
<doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1320>
•
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[ Referring-Entity ] McArthur, James G. et al. 2001.
p27-p16 Chimera: A Superior Antiproliferative for the
Prevention of Neointimal Hyperplasia. Molecular
Therapy. 3(1). <doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0239>
http://dx.doi.org/resolve?
& ref_id = doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1320
& rfr_id = dns:crossref.org:idealibrary.com
& rfe_id = doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0239
& rfe_id = issn:1525-0016
& adm_ver = 1.0
& adm_tim = 2002-02-20T14:20:03Z
& adm_pid = cr_setver , 01 ;
cr_encrypt , cx1Dk0f1ud58jlKfdsAifhe23swkHG^s ;
cr_saltver , 01 ;
cr_tstamp , 20020220142003 ;
cr_orig , idealibrary.com ;
cr_origDOI , 10.1006/mthe.2000.0239 ;
cr_retURL ,
http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/mthe.2000.0239/ref ;
cr_retURLtext , Click Here ;
cr_doctype , html ;
cr_title , Molecular Therapy ;
cr_pub , Academic Press ;
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Multiple resolution
• What: A single DOI associated with many
possible actions
• What for: Could include (1) multiple URLs for
dispersed mirror sites, (2) pointer to a metadata
record, (3) access to sub-parts of an article, such
as abstract or references only, (4) email address,
(5) different versions (“get html” or “get pdf”), (5)
author bio, (6) rights information, etc…
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Multiple Resolution for Journals
and Conference Proceedings
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CrossRef and Standards
• Guidelines for DOIs in citations, online and print
journals
– DOIs will be required for primary and secondary
resources
• DOIs for journal titles, books and other types of
material
• ONIX/ONIX for Serials
– Standardized metadata for exchange of information
– No one format will server all purposes – mapping is
necessary
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Conclusion
• Power of collaboration and network effects
• Identifiers and standards (XML, DOI,
OpenURL, ONIX)
• Publishers cooperated and moved quickly
– Libraries, secondaries and agents now actively
involved
• Continued collaboration needed to improve
the scholarly communication process
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the central source for reference linking
don’t be the missing link
http://www.crossref.org
Ed Pentz
[email protected]
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