Transcript Imperialism - Licking Heights School District

American Studies
What is Imperialism?

Imperialism: Build an empire by taking over other
countries
 Powerful countries take over weaker countries
 Gain political, economic, and social control over other
parts of the world

Reasons why:
 Economic: Expand markets and gain more natural
resources
○ Industrialization increases Imperialism: Make more $
 Nationalism: Extreme pride in one’s nation
○ Our nation is better than others
 Psychological: Racism and Social Darwinism
○ Weaker country is inferior
 Political: To become more powerful
○ Have influence in the world
“The sun never sets on the
British Empire”
Imperialism or Colonialism
The countries an empire conquers are called
colonies
 Empire=Colonizers: Forced their cultural,
religious and political beliefs on conquered
people
 Colonized: Conquered people lose their right to
self-govern and natural resources are stolen
from them

 Forced immersion schools, draw new boundaries
 Given no money for resources and low pay for labor
 Not allowed to industrialize and become independent
Practice Question

Describe how the people in Africa felt about
European colonialism (imperialism) in the 19th
century? They were:

A. pleased because they were taught new
religions.
B. upset that new beliefs were forced on them.
C. happy to have a stable European
government.
D. angry that Europeans did not take them
over earlier.



Before 1900s
US was isolationist: Don’t get involved in
other countries
 Expansion was only westward

 Manifest Destiny

Many were against Imperialism:
 Washington: Trade but stay out of foreign
affairs/wars
 Democracy suffers when we deny people
their independence
Reasons for U.S. Imperialism

Improved Communication Technology
 Transatlantic cable and new steamships

Need for raw materials and new markets
 No more frontier, need to cross the ocean

Powerful nations have a powerful Navy
 Navy needs island bases to re-supply ships

Nationalism: We’re the best
Economic Reasons
After Industrialization: US has world’s
strongest economy in 1900
 Industrialization encourages imperialism

 Big Business: To continue growth we need
more land, labor, materials, and people to
sell to

TR and Republicans support using
diplomacy to continue expanding
Manifest Destiny

Our race/culture/religion is superior and
should be spread to others
 Now used to justify expanding into Pacific,
South America and Asia

“Advanced” civilized nations have a duty
to teach “uncivilized”
 White Anglo-Saxon Protestants: English-
speaking whites must spread Christianity
British Rudyard Kipling: The
White Man’s Burden
Practice Question

One factor that motivated U.S. imperialism
during the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was the
A. development of closer political ties with
European nations.
 B. closing of China to all foreign trade.
 C. support of international peacekeeping
operations.
 D. acquisition of new markets and sources
of raw materials.

Japanese Imperialism
During Shogun Feudal System: Isolationist
 1853: US Commodore Perry arrives with
US Fleet to request trade

 Japanese govt impressed by US technology so
they agree to trade treaty
Japan adopts policy of modernizing,
industrializing, and westernizing
 Small island: Must expand for resources

China and Imperialism
Isolationist and self-sufficient
 British want tea: Get Chinese addicted
to opium to make money, then buy tea

 Late 1800s Opium Wars: weaken Chinese
govt

Other countries gain “spheres of
influence” in China
 Areas that were economically controlled by
foreign countries
1899: Open Door Policy

US wants to protect own trading
interests
 Secretary of State John Hay sent two notes
to foreign powers:

Policy states that all countries will have
equal trading rights in China
 Suggests all powers in East Asia respect
territorial integrity of China
 Japan violates this and occupies China
Boxer Rebellion of 1900

Boxers: Protest group wants to remove
European influence from China
 Attack embassies in Peking (Beijing)
 Kill Chinese who support westerners
 Kill Christian missionaries and other whites

Foreign powers send an army to put down
the rebellion
 Then force China to pay damages
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4QdEKjEg
88
Practice Question

The boxer rebellion was an attempt by
Chinese Nativists to:
 A. obtain rights for all citizens of China.
 B. remove European influence from China.
 C. remove Chinese influence from Europe.
 D. promote Chinese imperialist expansion.
Acquisition of Hawaii
Ruled by native monarchy
 Many Asians, Christian missionaries, and
US businessmen move to the island
 Sugarcane: major plantation crop

 Growers don’t want to pay US tariffs when
selling their sugar

1887:Pearl Harbor Naval Base built
 Becomes strategic military position for US
Annexation of Hawaii
1893: Sugar growers and US Marines
overthrow Queen Liliuokalani
 President Cleveland was anti-imperialism
and allowed them to remain independent
 President McKinley was pro-imperialism
and made it a US territory in 1900
 Became a US state in 1959

American Samoa
1890s: Small islands desired for military
reasons
 Germany and US:
Agree to split them

The Spanish-American War

1895: Cubans revolt against Spanish
colonizers
 1896-1898: 100,000 Cuban civilians are put in
concentration camps and killed by “Butcher”
Weyler

Why does the US care:
 US desired power in Cuba: Close to Florida
○ A war there could effect us
 Yellow Journalism: Wrote shocking and
exaggerated stories about Spanish atrocities
○ US citizens sympathize with Cuban refugees
○ De Lome Letter from Spanish minister insulting
President McKinley
○ http://video.pbs.org/video/2365053190/
De Lome Letter to the King of
Spain

“Besides the ingrained and inevitable
bluntness with which is repeated all that
the press and public opinion in Spain
have said about Weyler, it once more
shows what McKinley is, weak and a
bidder for the admiration of the crowd
besides being a would-be politician who
tries to leave a door open behind himself
while keeping on good terms with the
jingoes of his party.”
Cuba: 90 miles off the coast of
Florida
http://www.history.com/topics/sp
anish-americanwar/videos#roosevelt-fights-inspanish-american-war
Remember the Maine! To Hell
with Spain!

Feb. 1898: USS Maine battleship in
Havana, Cuba exploded
 Kills 260 US soldiers

Newspapers immediately blame Spain
 There was no evidence of this

US demands Spain agree to a cease-fire
with Cuba
 Spain agrees, but people are still angry

People in US demand war with Spain
The Spanish-American War
President McKinley asks Congress to
vote about declaring war
 Causes:

 US sympathy caused by Yellow Journalism
 To save Cubans from bloodshed and
economic devastation
 US wants power and naval base

Teller Amendment: US will allow Cuba to
be independent after the war
In Cuba

US volunteer troops: poorly trained
and unprepared
 5000 die of diseases like malaria or
meat poisoning
 Only 400 in battle

War lasts 4 months:
 TR leads group of troops called the Rough
Riders
 Along with African American troops, they
defeat Spanish at Battle of San Juan Hill
Practice Question

In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban independence led to
war with Spain and contributed to the United States
becoming an imperial power. Which of the following
was not a decisive factor in the decision to go to
war?

A. the U.S. citizens felt bad for the Cubans because
of Yellow Journalism.
B. the desire to acquire a naval base and help the
Cuban people.
C. the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine.
D. the need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to
the Pacific



The Philippines
Spanish colony since the 1500s
Filipino rebels unite with US soldiers to
overthrow Spanish imperial govt
 US Navy devastates Spanish Fleet in Manila
Bay
 Filipinos want independence


 Not independent until 1946

No independence: Became a US
territory/colony
 Spain “sold” the colony to the US for $20 million
 Causes Filipino rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo
 Takes 3 years and many lives to put down
Practice Question

During the Spanish-American War, the U.S. Navy
destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the
Philippines. The U.S. Congress later voted for
annexation of the Philippines. What was one reason
for this act of U.S. imperialism?

A. to provide the U.S. with new markets in the Pacific
and a become world power.
B. to provide the U.S. with a place to relocate its
immigrant population
C. to decrease the U.S. need to export raw materials
for industrialization
D. to increase the U.S. population by extending
citizenship to the Filipinos



End of the War with Spain
Naval Blockade: US troops and Cuban
rebels trap Spanish fleet in harbor
 They break out and US fleet destroys
them
 Spanish realize they can no longer defend
islands and surrender to US
 Peace Treaty in Paris Dec. 1898:

 John Hay calls it a “splendid little war”
 Spain gave US most of their colonies
Results of the War

Spain gave US: Puerto Rico and Guam
 Both become US territories

Cuba is granted independence, but
becomes US protectorate:
 The Platt Amendment: US gets naval base in
Cuba
○ Guantanamo Bay
 US is the only country allowed to intervene in
Cuba
 Philippines are a territory: no independence
US Debate over the US
Imperialism

Anti-Imperialist: William Jennings Bryan
 Hypocritical: US is abandoning everything we
stand for like freedom and democracy
 Philippines: Might involve US in Asian wars
 Immoral: It’s wrong to take away people’s rights

Pro-Imperialist: Teddy Roosevelt
 US has a duty to involve itself in world affairs
 Need territory to become a world power
 Better off under our care than another country’s
rule
Practice Question

What was one of the results of the
Spanish American War?
A. U.S. became a world power.
 B. Spain granted Cuba their
Independence.
 C. Spain sold the Philippines to the
United States.
 D. All of the above.

Practice Question

By acquiring the Philippines and Puerto Rico
following the Spanish-American War, the
United States was trying to

A. Preserve indigenous languages in those
two cultures.
B. Protect the nature preserves of those two
nations
C. Encourage religious tolerance throughout
the world.
D. Demonstrate its presence as a world power.



Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy

US foreign policy should “speak softly
but carry a big stick”
 Big Stick Diplomacy

Many Central American countries were
in debt to Europeans
 Europeans sent in troops to collect

TR sees this as a threat to US power in
the western hemisphere
Big Stick Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine (1823): European
countries can’t intervene in Western
Hemisphere
 No colonizing

Roosevelt Corollary (1904): US has
“international police power” in the
Western Hemisphere
 US will send in troops to collect debts
Practice Question

Which statement best describes President Theodore
Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward the
Western Hemisphere in the early 1900’s?

A. The United States should reduce its involvement
in Latin American affairs.
B. The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to
intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American
nations.
C. European nations are allowed to intervene and
help the countries in the Western Hemisphere.
D. The United States will protect any country in the
world.



The Panama Canal

US wants to build the Panama Canal to
connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
 Economic benefits: Faster, safer trade
routes to transport goods
 Military benefits: Faster naval troop
movements

Columbia owns Panama: TR offers $10
million to lease land to build canal
 They refuse, so US supports Panama
rebellion for independence from Columbia
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/se
arch?Ntt=panama+canal&N=4294939
055
The Panama Canal
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty: Panama gives
US control of the canal zone
 1904: Construction begins headed by
Col. Goethals, takes 10 years to build

 Mosquitoes carrying malaria and yellow
fever kills 5,500 canal workers
 10 miles wide: clear land, great feat of
engineering
-Latin Americans resent US control in
the region
-Control of the canal is given to
Panama in 1999
-Neutral territory, US protected
Practice Question

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, U.S.
foreign policy was closely tied to domestic economic
concerns. The annexation of Hawaii, the Open Door
Policy with China, and the construction of the
Panama Canal in Latin

America were all motivated by an interest in:
A. breaking up monopolies and trusts.
B. extending land grants for railroad construction.
C. acquiring new markets and sources of raw
materials.
D. limiting the power of labor unions to strike.




US Foreign Policy

Roosevelt Corollary influences diplomacy of
the future:
 US presidents continue to intervene in Latin
America
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”: Becomes involved
in Nicaragua to protect US business
investments
 Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”: Intervenes in
Haiti, Honduras, Mexico and Dominican
Republic

 Support movements/govt that US likes
 Latin Americans resent US intervention/control