Transcript Chapter 17 BECOMING A WORLD POWER 1872 – 1912

US. History
I. Building Support for Imperialism
THREE REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM
• A. A Desire for New Markets
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1. economics  no one has ALL materials
to be self-sufficient
2. US needed new markets
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a. overproducing goods
• B. Show military strength to rest of world
• C. Feeling of Superiority
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1. Social Darwinism:
II. 1st Steps to Imperialism
• A. Commodore M. Perry opens Japan (1850s)
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1. Japan had restricted contact
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2. westernized (Jap Industr. Revol.)
• B. Annexing Hawaii (1898)
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1. Most important port in Pacific
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2. Rest and refuel
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3. sugar cane
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4. Pearl Harbor  navy
III. Building a Modern Navy
• A. Alfred T. Mahan (U.S. Navy Admiral)
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1. The Influence of Sea Power Upon
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History (EOC term)
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2. Every great power in history …
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3. Need large navy to protect
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economic interests
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4. Need bases around world to
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supply/support the navy
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a. imperialism way to go (own
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instead of rent)
Essential Questions
• What were the 3 reasons for imperialism?
• What are two reasons Hawaii was important to the US?
• What were the main beliefs as to why Alfred Mahan said
the US needed bases around the world?
U.S. History
Florida State Standard:
SS.912.A.4.3
•Examine the causes,
course and consequence of
the Spanish-American War.
I. The Coming of War
• A. Cuban Rebellion Begins (1895)
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1. independence from Spain
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2. Led by Jose Marti
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3. Destroy US-backed sugar farms
• B. USS Maine to Havana Harbor (1898)
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1. Protect US interests; explodes!
• C. American people support the Cubans
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1. Govt: officially neutral
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2. New York papers
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a. Hearst vs. Pulitzer
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3. Yellow journalism (sensationalism)
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a. Cubans fed to dogs/sharks
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4. Cubans suffering
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a. concentration camps
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b. starvation/disease
D. Calling out for war
1. President McKinley wants peace
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a. US as mediator: Spain says “OK”
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b. Rebels: “No, want full independence”
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2. The De Lome letter
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a. Span. Ambassador private letter
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b. McK “weak”
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3. “Remember the Maine”
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4. Political cause: McK feared if no war,
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Dems win presidency in next election
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5. Teller Amendment: Cuba independent
II. The War: Battle on Two Fronts
A. The Philippines (Pacific)
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1. protect US backside
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2. Commodore George Dewey
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3. Natives launch guerrilla war
• B. Battles in Cuba
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1. Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders”
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2. San Juan / Kettle Hills victories
III.
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Consequences: U.S. Empire is Born
A. Cuba free
B. Guam/Puerto Rico to the U.S.
C. Debate over Annexation of Philippines
1. Good place 4 Naval Base
2. market for American goods
3. Close to China
4. Can “civilize” the natives
D. McKinley did annex
Essential Questions
• How did “yellow journalism” lead to start of
Spanish American war?
• What impact did De Lome Letter have on build
up to war?
• Why did the US want to annex (add) the
Philippines?
Florida State Standard:
SS.912.A.4.2
•Explain the motives of the
U.S. acquisition (taking) of
territories.
I. Puerto Rico and Cuba
A. Puerto Rico
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1. US control (has gained some self-gov.)
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2. strategic Caribbean locale
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a. protect future canal
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b. Base of ops for Navy
B. Cuba
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1. sugar, tobacco and mining
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2. Ties to United States in Cuban
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constitution (Platt Amendment)
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a. No treaties to weaken or give land
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b. US can buy/lease naval stations
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c. low debts to keep foreign out
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d. US right to protect Cuba
II. Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Alaska
See notes from previous sections or
sections 1 and 2 in your textbook.
III. Open Door Policy in China
A. China weak  Euro powers moving in
B. U.S. worried we’d be shutout economically
C. John Hay’s Open Door Notes
1. To Euro leaders  “let’s all share”
2. Euro accepts (impact of US Naval Power!)
U.S. History
Florida Standard SS.912.A.4.4
• Analyze the economic, military and
security motivations of the U.S. to
complete the Panama Canal as well as
major obstacles involved in its
construction.
I. T. Roosevelt becomes President
• A. McKinley’s VP 2nd term
• B. McKinley shot in Buffalo
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1. TR becomes youngest pres at 42
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2. never meant to be Prez
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a. Jazzed up ticket in 1900
• C. TR’s beliefs (progressive)
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1. duty to help “less civilized”
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2. active in world affairs
II. Building Panama Canal
• A. Shorten Atlantic-Pacific distance
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1. Military/security:
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2. Economics:
• B. French company had started canal
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1. gave up b/c bankrupt
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2. Sold rights to US
• C. Panama part of Colombia
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1. US offered $10 million for “canal
zone”
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2. Rejected
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3. Encouraged Panama rebels to revolt
• D. Made deal with free Panama
III. Roosevelt Corollary
• A. Monroe Doctrine (1823):
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1. R. Corollary: US would intervene in Latin
America in cases involving stability of the
hemisphere (officially “big brother”)
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS, Pt. 3
1. What was the economic motivation for
the Panama Canal?
2. What was the military/security
motivation for Panama Canal?
3. Why did we choose Panama as the
location of the canal?