Transcript Chapter #10
Chapter #10 Heat and Temperature Chapter 10.1 Notes • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object. • Thermometer a device that measures temperature. • Mercury • Alcohol • Metal coils • Digital • There are 3 different temperature scales. 1. Fahrenheit 2. Celsius 3. Kelvin Fahrenheit to Celsius *C= 5/9 (F – 32) Celsius to Fahrenheit *F= (9/5C)+32 Celsius to Kelvin or Kelvin to Celsius K= *C + 273 *C= K - 273 • Absolute Zero is the temperature at which an object’s energy is minimal. • 0 K or -273 *C • Heat is the transfer of energy from the particles on one object to those of another. Transfer always goes hot to cold. So when you put your warm hand on a frost covered windshield the heat is transferred from your hand to the windshield. Chapter 10.2 3 Types of Energy Transfer 1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation Conduction the transfer of energy as heat between particles as they collide (have contact) within a substance or between two objects in contact. Convection the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures. Hot/Warm air rises…Cold air sinks • Radiation the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Conductor is any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat. Insulator are materials that are poor conductors. Specific Heat is the amount of energy transferred as heat that will raise the temperature of 1 kg by 1 K. Energy= Specific heat X Mass X temp. change Chapter 10.3 Notes Heating System is any device or process that transfers energy to a substance to raise the temperature of the substance. • Gas • Electric • Solar • Geothermal Cooling system is a device that transfers energy as heat out of an object to lower its temperature. • Air conditioning • Freezer • Refrigerator Refrigerant is a substance used in cooling systems that transfers large amounts of energy as it changes state. (Freon) Work Cited • • • • • • • • • “Temperature Scales”. April 23, 2008. http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/bmendez/ay10/2002/notes/pics/bt2lf0402_a.jpg “Hot, warm, cold”. April 23, 2008. http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/chapter6/hotcoldwater.jpg “KE of a gas”. April 23, 2008. http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/contextual/heat/tep/trans/kinetic_theory.gif “Frost covered windshield”. April 23, 2008. http://en.epochtimes.com/news_images/2007-1-21-52080615.jpg “Hand”. April 23, 2008. http://www.sci.utah.edu/~wald/animrep/generated/hand.jpg “Camp Fire”. April 24, 2008. http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/conduction-heat.jpg “Atmospheric cooling”. April 24, 2008. http://mabryonline.org/blogs/woolsey/images/convection4-2.gif “Convection”. April 24, 2008. http://www.uoguelph.ca/geology/geol2250/glossary/HTML%20files/convection.jpg “Radiation from the sun”. April 24, 2008. http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cxtdm/met/radiation_pres.jpg