Transcript Slide 1
Growth of a Nation
Gr 8 SS Canadian History Unit
“His Story” telling = History
“400 Years of Challenges”
Your Tasks
WATCH, LISTEN, ASK and DISCUSS
Notetaking: Copy each slide title
Add three or more “jot notes” for each slide topic .
Be sure to include important people, places, events and years
Quietly listen to video clips or music and ENJOY the ride!.
Let’s practice with this slide!
Ready Set GO!!
Land Bridge Migration Theory
video clip During the last ice age (left), much of Earth's water was locked up in glaciers , exposing vast swaths of seafloor, such as the Bering land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska . Submerged today (right), the bridge may have been the route followed by the first humans to enter the Americas.
Sealevel changes video Aboriginal myths and legends vary in the telling but all acknowledge their creation as part of the continent rather than a migration. Creation Story The First North Americans
Aboriginal People of America
Many of these groups were bitter enemies and in some cases like the Iriquois extremely organized within a Confederacy of Nations.
The arrival of Europeans has proven disasterous for many of these groups as they lost their traditional lands , life styles and succumbed to disease.
Treaties between these many groups and the government were seen as the solution – however many struggles continue. Treaties continue to govern our relations as we continue to share the continent Aboriginial People include First Nations, Inuit and Metis people who first inhabited the continent upon European arrival.
For centuries they were misrepresented by the term “Indians” and often considered by Europeans as one culture when in reality there were many different cultural , linguistic and ethnic groups who tended to live with the land according to natural regions.
Who Wants to be a Viking ?
Vikings –First
Europeans 1000 AD
Eric the Red
was a well known Viking explorer who sailed from settlements in Iceland to discover Greenland – 983 AD
Bjarni Herjólfsson is believed to accidentally discovered North America when he was blown off course in his travels from Greenland in 986 AD.
Eric’s son,
Lief (the Lucky) Ericsson
has been credit with the re -discovery of North America with early settlements in the land they called Vinland (Newfoundland). Vikings 980 AD – first Europeans
European Colonization of America
• Although the Vikings first discovered America in 1000 AD no one knew of their discovery until 1960!
• The popular belief was the Earth was flat – to sail too far could put your ship over the edge of the earth!! • Early sailors for centuries – sailed , discovered and explored new territories but always within site of the coast. • The 15 th Century, was called the “Age of Discovery” as Europeans had sailed around Africa, discovered India and found the riches of the Orient . • In 1492 – Christopher Columbus sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain , sailed west across the “open seas” of the Atlantic Ocean believing the earth was round so he could find a shorter route to India – only to discover America. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pvcb1IK6aw0 5 min • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mw7H-eTCYWI&feature=related Over the next 400 years , Europeans began building Colonial Empires – the largest were by the Spanish, British, French and Portuguese.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonisation2.gif
John Cabot 1497 claims for England
After Columbus reached the West Indies in 1492 claiming for Spain… Cabot sailed his ship, the of North America
Matthew
, on May 2, 1497 in search of East Asia only to discover the mainland – at Newfoundland He claimed it in the name of King Henry VII for England.
He did discover the Grand Banks of Newfoundland – greatest fishing in world.
He then made the first recorded attempt to find the Northwest Passage, only to find ice-crusted waters.
FYI - It is only in the last few years Passage has become ice free .
– with the warming of the polar regions , that the Northwest The Arctic remains one of the few undiscovered regions on the planet with promise of new resources!
Jacques Cartier – claims for France -1534
Jacques Cartier lands in Gaspé at mouth of St Lawrence River on July 24, 1534, He raised a cross in claimed possession of the territory in the name of Francis I, King of France . Cartier is credited with the Naming of Canada as he meets First Nations.
Earliest Settlements 1606-1667
Royal Charter grants all lands draining in to Hudson Bay (Western Canada) to the Hudson Bay Company (1670-1870) first and oldest company in Canada. Notice how First Nations are ignored as Europeans divide up the New World!
Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France”
In 1603 he travelled up the Saguenay, St. Lawrence, and Richelieu rivers to make a very accurate map of Canada from Hudson Bay in the north down to the Great Lakes.
In 1604 Champlain made his second trip to North America. Champlain explored the Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy down to Cape Cod.
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was a French explorer, navigator, and mapmaker. He explored much of eastern Canada and became known as the Father of New France , which was the French part of Canada.
In 1606 established Port Royal first attempt at settlement.
as his In 1608, Champlain founded a settlement and trading post that became the city of Quebec as the first permanent European settlement in Canada .
Samuel Champlain video In 2008, Quebec celebrated it’s 400 th birthday as the oldest city in Canada!
New France 1608-1763
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France was a colonial power in North America from founding Britain in 1763. of Québec in 1608 to the ceding of Canada to France placed its stamp upon the history of the continent including ACADIA are still (in Maritimes), the territory of Louisiana, the Mississippi Valley and especially in the St Lawrence Valley, full of French culture today. Govenor Frontenac was a strong leader who helped the growth of New France through fur trade and defended against British and Iriquois attempts to overtake the colony. Video clip
The Fur Trade
video^ Beginning with simple trade between European fishermen and natives eager to obtain metal and cloth goods : iron knives and axes, awls, copper kettles, blankets and trinkets. in exchange for furs and fresh meat..
When the wide-brimmed felt hat came into fashion later in the 16th century, the demand for BEAVER PELTS increased tremendously
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Beginning in 1670 the Hudson Bay Company begins setting up trading posts along rivers reaching Hudson Bay opening Western Canada to the trade.
After the defeat of France in 1763 French fur traders (courier de bois) were hired by the North West Company out of Montreal beginning a trade war . . Voyageurs By 1825 , the Hudson Bay Company reclaimed a monopoly to become one of Canada’s most successful companies
French English Conflicts
England and France had become traditional rivals as they conflicted in Europe and within their respective colonies over many centuries.
The European Seven Years War became the French & Indian War in North America which saw two decisive British victories.
Battle of Louisburg (1758) saw the defeat of the French Fortress which guarded the St Lawrence River and New France.
Battle of Quebec (1759) (