Transcript Document

Chapter 20
The Formation of the Nation
The Formation of the Nation
I. The European Discovery
II. Early Colonization
III. British Canada
IV. Self-Government and
Confederation
V. The Canadian Nation
I. The European Discovery
I. The European Discovery

1497 John Cabot
an Italian,
the first European
explorer, five years
after Columbus
discovered America .
He claimed
Newfoundland.
II. Early Colonization

1535, Jacques Cartier
a French navigator, sailed up the St. Lawrence
River and founded the present-day city of
Montreal. He did open the interior of Canada.
II. Early Colonization



The king of France sent Samuel de
Champlain to start a colony in Canada in
the early 1600’s.
The actual settlement of New France
began in 1604 at Port Royal in what is
now Nova Scotia.
In 1610, Henry Hudson, the English
explorer, found and gave his name to
the huge bay in the center of Canada.
II. Early Colonization

In the late 1600’s and early 1700’s the
French and British frequently fought over
land and competed for the fur trade.

By 1763, France had given up all of its
claims to the land in North America.
Why was France finally
defeated?
II. Early Colonization
The French king, Louis
XV, was too busy with wars
with Prussia to bother
much about the condition
in Canada;
Canada was known
as “Land of Ice and Snow”.
Ⅲ. British Canada
In 1774, the British passed the Quebec
Act, which granted the people of Quebec
rights as French Canadians.
 The first English settlers were American
Loyalists in the American War of
Independence, who
refused to fight against
the British army.

Ⅲ. British Canada


In 1791 Britain divided the
former colony of New France
into two colonies, Lower
Canada and Upper Canada.
In1840, the upper and lower
Canada were united in one
province.
Ⅲ. British Canada
 Three
colonies Canada (Quebec
and Ontario), New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia joined in a
Confederation, a federal union
in 1867.
A
dominion was made by the
British North American Act in
1867.
Ⅳ. Self-Government and Confederation



1869 under the first prime minister Sir John
Macdonald, Canada bought the vast middle
west from the Hudson Bay Company.
1885 the Canadian Pacific Railway was
completed and the country was linked from
west coast to east coast.
1896-1911 Canada grew rapidly, and settlers
flowed to the plains by the Canadian Pacific
Railway.
Ⅳ. Self-Government and Confederation


1896-1914 hydroelectric plant and paper mills
arose in central Canada.
About foreign relations
Laurier founded the Canadian Navy. Canada
entered WWWⅠ and signed the Peace
Treaty of 1919 in its own name and to take a
seat as a member of the League of Nations.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation

1931 by the Statute of Westminster, the
British Dominions bound together only by
their loyalty to a common Crown. Since then,
Canada became a member of the
Commonwealth of Nations.
* The British Dominions were formally declared to be
partner nations with Britain and “equal in status, in no
way subordinate to each other”.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation

After WWⅡ (1939-1945)
Economically,
Tremendous development took place in
industries and agriculture in Canada.
Rich oil fields were found, uranium was
mined, large deposits of iron ore were
developed.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
International Status,
1945 Canada joined the United Nations
 1949 Canada founded the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
with the USA.

Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
Politically,

In 1982, a Constitutional Act ended
British Control over amendments to
Canada’s Constitution and the Act also
included a new Bill of Rights.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
Quebec
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain ，the
French explorer, established his
“habitation” in what is now Quebec
City, to lay the roots of French
Canada, which was called New France.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
Quebec
After the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763),
the
French colony on the St. Lawrence was
reorganized as the British province of
Quebec.
1774 the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act,
which granted the people of Quebec rights as
French Canadians.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
Quebec
In June 1987, the Meech Lake Accord
was approved which provided Quebec
with the status of a “distinct society”
and the right to preserve and promote
that status.
Ⅴ. The Canadian Nation
In the late half of the 20th century,
emphasis was put on education and the
development of science and
technology.
Canada has long been universally
recognized as one of the 7 biggest
economies in the capitalist world, and
one of the most advanced and
developed countries in the world.
Exercises:
I. Fill in the following blanks:
1. The discovery of Canada can be traced
back to the end of the __th century by
a man named ______ .
2. After the ______ war (1756-1763), the
french were forced to five up every
inch of land in North America and the
whole of Canada came under the
British rule.
Exercises:
3. The __________Act of 1774 granted the
people of Quebec rights as French
Canadians.
4. ________ founded the Canadian Navy
and tried to increase Canada’s control
over its foreign relations.
5. Canada became a member of the
Commonwealth of Nations in 1931 by the
Statute of ______.
Exercises:
II. Explain the terms:
1. New France
New France was the area colonized
by France in North America during a
period extending from the exploration of
the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques
Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New
France to Spain and Britain in 1763.
Exercises:
2. John Macdonald
As the first Prime Minister of Canada and the
dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, John
Macdonald was the major proponent of a national
railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, which was
completed in 1885, linking Canada
from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific Ocean.
He won praise for having helped
forge a nation of sprawling
geographic size, a multiplicity of
cultural backgrounds and political
views.
Exercises:
3. Hudson's Bay Company
As the oldest commercial corporation in
North America and one of the oldest in the
world, Hudson’s Bay Company was
incorporated by British royal charter in 1670 as
The Governor and Company of Adventurers of
England trading into Hudson's Bay. In the late
19th century, its vast territory became the
largest component in the newly formed
Dominion of Canada.
Exercises:
4. The British North American Acts
The British North American Acts were a series of
Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada, enacted
by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the
Parliament of Canada from 1867 to 1975. In Canada,
some of the Acts were amended or repealed by the
Constitution Act, 1982; the rest were renamed the
Constitution Acts. The term "British North America"
(BNA) refers to the British colonies in North America.
Exercises:
5. Edmonton
Edmonton is the
capital of the Canadian
province of Alberta, and the
second largest city in the
province after Calgary. It is
the northernmost North
American city with a
metropolitan population of
more than one million.
Exercises:
III. Questions for discussion:
1. Who were the first British settlers in
Canada?
2. What was the result of the Act of Union
1840?
3. When and how did French Canada start?
What was the consequence of the Seven
Years’ war between the British and the
French?
Exercises:
4. What were the major economic
achievements of Canada after World WarⅡ?
5. What efforts were made by the Canadian
government in developing the country’s
economy?
If you want to know more, please check
the following websites:
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cf
m?PgNm=TCE&Params=a1ARTA0005701
http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/index.htm
http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/china-chine/
Thank you !