Transcript Diplomacy & The Great War

19141918:
The World
at War
Its Been Called…
 “The Family Feud”
 “The War to End All Wars”
 “The War to ‘Make the
World Safe for Democracy’”
Europe in 1914
Causes
of the
War
I. Five Causes of WWI
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
1. Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great
Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
–
Strongly promoting the development
of armed forces within a nation.
•
•
Best Army in Europe pre WWI = Germany
Best Navy in Europe pre WWI = England
2. Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
–
The Triple Entente (Allies)
•
–
France, Russia, Great Britain
The Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
•
Germany, Austria – Hungary, Ottoman Empire
The Major Players: 1914-17
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Enver Pasha
[Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]
3. Nationalism
– Extreme Pride in one’s nation and culture.
• “our way is the right way”
• Multiple countries in Europe felt this way
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The
“Powder Keg”
of Europe
4. Imperialism
–
extension of a nation's territory beyond its
borders through the establishment of
colonies.
•
More competition
Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand &
His Family
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
The Spark
 Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinard
–
Heir to the throne in Austria – Hungary
•
Shot by Gavrillo Princip
– Part of radical group in Serbia
• Serbia had an alliance with Russia
–
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
•
They want revenge
 Eventually things spiral out of control
due to the Alliance System
Who’s To Blame?
The
War
II. WWI officially begins August
3rd, 1914.
A. Germany is the aggressor
– Goal is to colonize parts of Europe
– They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed
B. Germany’s strategy—the Schlieffen Plan
–
–
Step #1 = Hold off Russia
Step #2 = Quickly Defeat France
•
–
This involved taking over Belgium too
Step #3 = Focus all attention on Russia
Mobilization
 Home by Christmas!
 No major war
in 50 years!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
It's a long way to Tipperary,
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!
The Schlieffen Plan
C. Why didn’t the Plan work?
–
–
Reason #1 = France was tougher to defeat
than Germany thought.
Reason #2 = Germany didn’t count on
Britain or the U.S. getting involved.
III. Why did the British get
involved?
A. England had an alliance with Belgium
– They honored their agreement
B. England was afraid it would lose its status
as THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it
didn’t get involved
German Atrocities in Belgium
Australian Poster
American Poster
Financing the War
Recruitment Posters
For Recruitment
New French Recruits
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the
Central Powers
A German Soldier
Says Farewell to
His Mother
AustroHungarians
A German Boy Pretends to Be a
Soldier
Soldiers Mobilized
14
12
Millions
10
8
6
4
2
0
France
Germany
Russia
Britain
V. Why did the U.S. get
involved?
1. In 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania
– It was a passenger ship, not a warship
– 1200 people died including over 100 Americans
2. In 1916, Germany fired upon the Sussex
– another passenger ship.
– Wilson demands that Germany not fire on any more
passenger ships
– Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge) then breaks
3. Zimmerman Note
4. Russian Revolution—1917—Democracy!
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Western
Front:
A “War of
Attrition”
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s
Land”
Americans in the Trenches
Verdun – February, 1916
 German offensive.
 Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
 Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Sacrifices in War
The War of
the
Industrial
Revolution:
New
Technology
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Curtis-Martin
U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The Zeppelin
Flame
Throwers
Grenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
The
Eastern
Front
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence
& the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & Prince
Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19
The Tsar with General Brusilov