Transcript World History Honors - Mrs. Collins and Mr. T's Class Page

World History
Imperialism and WWI Notes
Overview
 The outbreak of WWI evolved over a
few hundred years as European
powers lobbied for power and wealth
as they attempted to build large and
powerful nations
 One of the tools for attaining power
and wealth was Imperialism
Imperialism
 Definition: The domination of 1
country of the political, economic, or
cultural life of another country or
region
 What does this mean
 European countries
conquering territories
 Why?
 Resources, power, wealth, and prestige
Imperialism Assignment








Reading: Chapter 25 Section 1 (p.632-634)
What were the FOUR main causes of Imperialism?
Define Social Darwinism.
How did European powers attempt to justify their
Imperialism? Is this moral? Please explain.
What specific products did European powers
acquire?
Why did Imperialism succeed?
What is direct rule? What is indirect rule?
What are colonies, protectorates, and spheres of
influence? Define each. How did each of them
benefit European powers?
Asian Imperialism
African Imperialism
British Empire in 1914
Imperialism Discussion
 What impact did Imperialism have on
the world from 1750-1914?
 Did it directly cause WWI?
 How did Imperialism lead to
Nationalism and Militarism?
Nationalism
 Reading: p.694-696
 What is Nationalism?
 What would a modern day example be?
 How would this cause a war?
 What is the difference between “Inclusive
Nationalism” and “Ethnic Nationalism?”
 How does The German Fatherland portray
German superiority?
 How does Rule Britannia portray British
superiority?
Militarism
 Countries began to build up their
military in order to use it as a tool of
diplomacy
 By 1890, Germany had the most
powerful military in Europe
 Tips the balance of power
 Threatens the other Great Powers and
they began to build up their militaries
Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
[Germany, A-H, Italy, France, GB, Russia]
in millions
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
Alliance System
 With the advent of militarism in Europe,
countries became threatened and signed
into mutual defense treaties
 By 1914, two major alliances
 Triple Entente (Allies)
 Great Britain, France, Russia (Russia also had an
alliance with Serbia)
 Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Ottoman)
The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Militarism and the Alliance
System
 What is Militarism?
 How does this make Europe and the world a scary
place?
 How did Militarism indirectly cause WWI?
 What was the Alliance System?





What is a Mutual Defense Treaty?
What main countries made up the Triple Entente?
What main countries made up the Triple Alliance?
Why did these countries sign into these alliances?
Did the Alliance System cause WWI? Please
explain.
Nationalism and Militarism
 Nationalism
 The 19th century belief that national interests
should take precedent over international
cooperation and global affairs. It also bound
people together through pride and devotion in
common ancestry, country, ethnic group,
religion, or language group.
 Militarism
 The buildup of armies/militaries to use as a tool
of diplomacy.
Alliance System
 Reading: p.696-697
 Mutual Defense Treaty
 Triple Entente
 Great Britain, France, Russia
 Russia had a separate alliance with Serbia
 Allies
 Triple Alliance
 Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
 Central Powers
Alliance System (continued)
 Did the Alliance System cause WWI?
The Spark that Ignited the First World War











Why didn’t France and Germany get along in the late 19th century?
What is Pan-Slavism?
Why did Russia view itself as the protector of Slavic peoples?
Why was Austria-Hungary fearful that Nationalism might foster a
rebellion in their own country?
Why was Ottoman Turkey threatened by the new nations near its
borders?
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Who was Gavrilo Princep?
What was the Black Hand?
Why did the Black Hand want to kill Franz Ferdinand?
Create a concept map/web that illustrates how the assassination of
Franz Ferdinand led to the outbreak of WWI
Why do you think that this is commonly referred to as the Domino
Theory?
So, What Sparked WWI?
 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
June 28th, 1914
 Heir to the Austria-Hungarian
Throne
 P.697-698, chapter 27.2
 Killed in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was the
home to many Serbs and also ruled by
Austria-Hungary’s Hapsburg Empire.
The Killer
 Black Hand
 Serbian Nationalist group led by Gavrillo
Princip.
 Anti-Austrian-Hungary
 Why did this group want to kill Franz
Ferdinand?
 Goal was to organize all South Slav into
a single nation.
The “Powder Keg” of Europe
 The “Spark”
 June 28, 1914
The Assassin
 Black Hand
 Gavrillo Princip
The Domino Effect
 Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia
 Serbia had an alliance with Russia,
who had an alliance with Great Britain
and France
 Austria-Hungary had an alliance with
Germany and Italy
 One by one they all fell into war
Who’s to Blame?
Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Great
Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman
Empire
The Schlieffen Plan
 Germany did NOT want to fight a war on
two fronts.
 The plan reasoned that Russia would
be slow to mobilize its military,
therefore Germany first had to defeat
France quickly.
 This required Germany to march through
neutral Belgium into southern France.
= BRITAIN DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY!
The Fighting During WWI
 WWI Video Clip
 What was trench warfare?
 What was the purpose/point of trench
warfare?
 Western Front
 Eastern Front
Trench Warfare
 What was trench warfare?
 Warring armies burrowed into a vast
system of trenches, stretching from the
Swiss frontier to the English Channel.
 An underground network of bunkers,
communications trenches, and gun
emplacements.
Trench Warfare continued
 What was the purpose of trench
warfare?




Gain land ?
Kill the enemy?
?
?
Two Fronts to Fight
 Western Front was the fighting line
between France and Germany
 Eastern Front was the fighting line
between Russia and the shared
boarders of Germany and AustriaHungary
Trench Warfare
Problems with Trench Warfare








No Man’s Land
Poison Gas
Cold/Wet
Trench Foot
Trench Mouth
Disease
Rats
Boring
The Mechanization/Industrialization
of Warfare
 What made WWI so
destructive?
 Page 703
 Chart
 Total War
 Mobilization of
civilians
 No difference
between “home front”
and “war front”
 Soldiers and
civilians are
targeted
The Industrialization of Warfare
“Big Bertha”
Tanks
The Industrialization of Warfare
(continued)
Poison Gas
Industrialization of Warfare
(continued)
Machine Gun
Rifle/Bayonet
Trench Warfare
WWI Map Assignment
 Use the map on page 704
 Draw the Invasion route of Germany on your map
 Why did Germany first invade the neutral country of
Belgium?
 Label the Western and Eastern Fronts
 Label the Allies and Central Powers countries
 Label the following battle sites
 Verdun, Somme River, Tannenberg, Caporetto, and
the Dardanelles
 Also label Sarajevo
 Briefly explain how this war became a global conflict
 Use the reading from the text
A Global War
 Western Front
 Germany, Austria-Hungary vs. France, Great
Britain
 Eastern Front
 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire vs.
Russia, Serbia
 Atlantic Ocean
 Germany vs. Great Britain, United States?
 Map p.703
 Colonies
 Nations attacked other nations colonies
 Why?
 Some nations used people of their colonies to fight
A Multi-Front War
Total War: Women and the War
Effort
 Financing the war
Recruiting
Munitions Workers
French Women in Factories
German Women Factory Workers
Female Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Spies
 “Mata Hari”
 Real Name:
Margareetha
Geertruide Zelle
 A German Spy!
U.S. Joins the Allies, 1917
 German U-Boats
 Lusitania
 Cunard
U.S. Joins the Allies (continued)




Zimmerman Note
Cultural ties
Money?
Allies
Russian Revolution
 Russia largely unprepared for WWI
 Huge military, but didn’t have leadership,
adequate training, or supplies to fight a
global war
 1916-1917




Russian soldiers fighting on the Eastern Front
Lacked supplies
Food
Citizens starving at home and running out of
fuel
February Revolution, 1917
 Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne
 Revolutionary groups
 Mensheviks
 Electoral politics
 Bolsheviks
 Led by Vladimir Lenin
 Marxist
 Petrograd - April 1917 proposed immediate
peace and transfer of land to peasants and
factory rights to workers
 Hundreds of thousands soldiers quit fighting
 Whose support was Lenin able to gain?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 March 3, 1918 peace with Germany
and Austria-Hungary
 Lost Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania
Russian Civil War
 Fought for 3 years
 Burned farms and destroyed crops causing
famine and widespread starvation
 Over 3 million died
 By 1921, the Bolsheviks had defeated their
enemies
 1922 Ukraine merged with Russia forming
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Americans in the Trenches
 What impact did U.S. involvement
have on WWI?
Defeat of the Central Powers




U.S. boosts morale
German Final Offensive
Naval Mutiny
British Blockade
Winning the War



Total War
 Military Conscription
 Taxes
 Rationing
 Forbade Strikes
 Borrowed Money
United States Enters WWI, 1917
 German U-Boats
 Cultural Ties
 Zimmerman Note
 Allies
 Money?
What impact did American involvement have on WWI?
Winning the War (continued)
 Defeat of Central Powers




U.S. boosts morale
German Final Offensive
Naval Mutiny
British Blockade
“The Biggest Blunder in World
History”
 The Big Four
“The Biggest Blunder in World
History”
 The Treaty of Versailles





Punishment of Germany
New countries
League of Nations
Mandate System
Balfour Declaration
Making the Peace
 Big Three
 Great Britain (David Lloyd George)
 France (Georges Clemenceau)
 United States (Woodrow Wilson)
 Fourteen Points Plan
 Wilson’s main goals and beliefs about
why the war started
Making the Peace
 The Treaty of Versailles
 Provisions
 War-Guilt Clause
 Reparations
 Reduced Military
 Lost Alsace and Lorraine
 New Countries
 Who lost a lot of territory?
 Mandate System
 Self-Determination
Making the Peace
 How does the Treaty of Versailles
compare with Wilson’s Fourteen
Points Plan
 Which one made more sense?
 Why is the Treaty of Versailles known
as “The Biggest Blunder in World
History?”
Final Question
 What could have been changed in the
Treaty of Versailles to create peace in
Europe?
Imperialism and WWI Review
Chapter 25 Sections 1,2,4,5 & Chapter 27 Sections 1,2,3,4,5




















Imperialism (motives, causes,
consequences)
Goods sought after in Africa, China,
India
Effect of Industrialization
Colony
Protectorate
Sphere of Influence
“Scramble for Africa”
Opium Wars
India
Missionary
Christianity
Social Darwinism
Resistance to Imperialism
WWI (causes, consequences)
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
Alliance System
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance




















Industrialization/Mechanization of
Warfare
Franz Ferdinand
Black Hand
Gavrilo Princip
Domino Effect
Allies
Central Powers
Stalemate
Eastern Front
Western Front
Weapons of WWI
Total War
Why U.S. Entered WWI/Impact
Russian Revolution
(causes/consequences)
Bolsheviks/Mensheviks
Treaty of Versailles
Reparations
War-Guilt Clause
Mandate System
Big Three