Transcript Training Presentation - Dakota Interactive Academic Link
Differentiated Instruction: Adapting the Process
Workshop 2
Facilitated By Sara Fridley & Kathleen West Region 3 Education Service Agency [email protected]
Workshop Outcomes
Increased understanding of how to differentiate the “process” Add to our instructional strategies toolbox
The Business of Schools Is tasks assigned. to produce work that engages students, that is so compelling that students persist when they experience difficulties, and that is so challenging that students have a sense of accomplishment, of satisfaction—indeed, of delight—when they successfully accomplish the Inventing Better Schools * Schlechty
Let’s Share!
Divide into 4 groups & ALL discuss these 4 questions What Differentiated Instruction strategy did you try in your own classroom?
How did it work?
Is there anything you want to do differently in the future?
Is there a strategy you want to use in the future?
Each group choose “Best of the Best” Share the best with the whole group
Key #1 – Adapt Process
Students use key skills Bloom’s Taxonomy Multiple Intelligence Theories Common focus Vary student activities – not the target Vary complexity Teacher uses a variety of methods
More Than One Way to Get There
Examples of Process DI
Adding “movement” Adjusting “time” Use good reading strategies in ALL content areas & grade levels Choices of tasks Jig Saw Assignments Cubing, ThinkDots, Think-Tac-Toe RAFTS Graphic Organizers Learning Centers & Learning Logs
Begin With the Brain
The Body, Movement, and the Brain
Essential Question – How can movement help the brain reach its potential?
The Brain-Compatible Classroom Chapter 3 (pg 41) What can you take from this resource back to your own classroom?
Time, Time, and More Time
Essential Question – What role does TIME play in the classroom?
The Brain-Compatible Classroom Chapter 5 (pg 75) What can you take from this resource back to your own classroom?
Characteristics of Memory
Sensory The more of the 5 senses stimulated, the easier it will be to recall Intensity Stands out in our memories Emotional Both positive & negative Survival Emotional & psychological as well as physical
More Characteristics of Memory
Personal Importance Easier to remember things that have a personal impact Repetition More often we recall info, the better we get at recalling on demand First & Last The brain most easily remembers things from beginning & end of sessions
TEACHER: Donald, what is the chemical formula for water?
DONALD: H I J K L M N O.
TEACHER: What are you talking about?
DONALD: Yesterday you said it's H to O.
Graphic Organizers – Show ‘n Tell
Teacher use
Help learners visualize information Critical for visual learners!!
Student use
Great way for students to process understanding
Add another aspect
Large size for group work Manipulate the pieces
Use Good Reading Strategies
Vary strategies to aid a variety of learning styles/intelligences Good reading strategies work in any content area & grade level STRATEGIES: Before, During, & After Reading
Reading Strategies
DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL
(Basic) As You Read, Note: After You Read, Explain: Key phrases Important words Main ideas Puzzling passages Summaries Powerful passages Key parts Important graphics Etc.
How to use ideas Why an idea is important Questions Meaning of key words, passages Predictions Reactions Comments on style Interpretation of graphics Etc.
DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL
(Advanced) As You Read As/After You Read After You Read Key passages Key vocabulary Organizing concepts Key principles Key patterns Links between text & graphics Why ideas are important Author’s development of elements How parts and whole relate Assumptions of author Key questions Teacher Author Expert in field Character Satirist Political cartoonist Etc.
Teaching Vocabulary for Success
Front load vocabulary instruction Encourage descriptions vs. definitions Use both linguistic and non-linguistic tools Teach key word parts Use individual word lists Have students interact about words they are learning Use words that are important in academic subjects Pre-assess and use formative assessment to match words and instruction to learner needs Tomlinson ‘04 - Modified from Marzano ‘04
What Words Should Be Front Loaded?
Ones that are essential to understanding Ones that you know students will struggle with Ones that lack support in context
How Many?
3-4 for younger students 5-6 for older students
When You Front Load Vocabulary, Be Sure:
Students have a context for the word If not - YOU MUST establish a context To show students how to use root words to make meaning You maintain a focus on the words throughout the chapter That you “hold up” the words in subsequent chapters as prior knowledge
Time For Lunch
Come back at 1:00
High Quality Teaching…
It’s About Having All the Parts in Place… Tomlinson ‘01
The 4 Roles of a Teacher
Diagnostician Who am I teaching?
Program Design Engineer What are students expected to learn?
Project Manager How are students demonstrating their knowledge?
Assessor Does the student product reflect/demonstrate understandings but also challenge them to stretch?
Diagnostician
Who am I teaching? readiness interests Pre-Assess Provides a baseline of prior knowledge Helps set a high ceiling Capitalizes on interests, abilities, strengths, learning styles
Review the Pre-assessment Ladder
What do none know?
What do only a few students know?
What do know?
some of my students of my of my students What do all know?
of my students
Approaches to Pre-Assessment
Formal Pre-tests/quizzes Performance on prior end-of-unit assessments Informal Journal entries Surveys & KWL activities Webbing activities Systematic Observation
Program Design Engineer
What are my students expected to Know Understand Be able to do Unpack your Content Standard(s) What does this Content Standard mean in terms of student work?
The Content Standard is the
BARE MINIMUM
!
Teaching the Standard is Not the Same as Teaching to the Test
Concept
"Know" = Facts “Understand” = Principles "Be able to Do" = Skills
KNOW . . .
Facts, names, dates, places, information There are 50 states in the US Thomas Jefferson 1492 The Continental Divide The multiplication tables
UNDERSTAND . . .
Essential truths that give meaning to the topic “Big Picture” concepts Begin with, “I want students to understand THAT…” (not HOW… or WHY… or WHAT) Multiplication is another way to do addition.
People migrate to meet basic needs.
All cultures contain the same elements.
Entropy and enthalpy are competing forces in the natural world.
Voice reflects the author.
BE ABLE TO DO . . .
Skills (basic skills, skills of the discipline, skills of independence, social skills, skills of production) Verbs or phrases (not the whole activity) Analyze Solve a problem to find perimeter Write a well supported argument Evaluate work according to specific criteria Contribute to the success of a group or team Use graphics to represent data appropriately
Project Manager Hat
How are my students demonstrating their knowledge?
What evidence will I collect?
Do I record a grade for it?
Do I have a balance between summative and formative assessments?
Assessor Hat
Does the student product reflect/demonstrate understandings but also challenge them to stretch?
Is there rigor?
Is there relevance?
Assessing for Differentiation
Formative Assessment SHOULD Happen frequently Drive instruction Who needs differentiation The struggling student?
The gifted student?
What needs to be differentiated Summative Assessment CAN Be used formatively!
Providing Task Choices
Cubing Think Dots Think Tac Toe RAFTS Student Contracts Tiered Assignments
Cubing / Think Dots / Think Tac Toe
Provide for levels of thinking Bloom’s levels Learning Styles Multiple Intelligences Variety of uses Choice of task Below, At, or Above Grade Level options Individual or group tasks
Cubing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Describe It
Look at the subject closely (perhaps with your senses in mind).
Compare It
What is it similar to? What is it different from?
Associate It
What does it make you think of? What comes to your mind when you think of it? Perhaps people? Places? Things? Feelings? Let your mind go and see what feelings you have for the subject.
Analyze It
Tell how it is made. If you can’t really know, use your imagination.
Apply It
Tell what you can do with it. How can it be used?
Argue for It or Against It
Take a stand. Use any kind of reasoning you want — logical, silly, anywhere in between.
Ideas for Kinesthetic Cube
Arrange _________into a 3-D collage to show_________ Make a body sculpture to show__________________ Create a dance to show_______________________ Do a mime to help us understand_________________ Present an interior monologue with dramatic movement that________________________ Build/construct a representation of________________ Make a living mobile that shows and balances the elements of __________________ Create authentic sound effects to accompany a reading of ________________ Show the principle of _____________with a rhythm pattern you create. Explain to us how that works.
Ideas for Cubing in Math…
Describe Analyze
how you would solve_____________ how this problem helps us use mathematical thinking and problem solving.
Compare Contrast
this problem to one on p._____
it too.
Demonstrate how a professional (or just a regular person) could apply this kind of problem to their work or life.
Change
one or more numbers (elements, signs) in the problem. Give a rule for what that change does.
Create
an interesting and challenging word problem from the number problem. (Show us how to solve it too) Diagram or Illustrate the solution to the problem. Interpret the visual so we understand.
Think Dots
Typically a small group activity Vary the purpose Pre-assessment Anchor activity Bell-ringer Review Post-assessment
a, b, c and d each represent a different value. If a = 1, find b, c, and d.
a + b = c b - b = d c + a = -a Explain the mathematical reasoning involved in solving card 1.
Explain how a variable is used to solve word problem.
Create an interesting word problem that is modeled by 2x + 4 = 4x - 10. Solve the problem.
Diagram how to solve 3x + 1 = 10.
Explain why x=4 in 2x = 8, but x=16 in ½ x = 8. Why does this make sense?
Think Dots
Title: Algebra level 2
R.A.F.T.S.
Role Audience Format Topic Strong Verbs
RAFT Activities
Role
Gingerbread Man
Audience
Our Class Squanto Band Member Monet Other Native Americans Other Band Members Van Gogh Water Vapor Battery Water Loose Wire Multiplication Fact Division Fact
Format
Oral Response Pictographs Demo Tape Letter A Love Letter A Newspaper Article Invitation to a Family Reunion
Topic
I never should have listened to the fox I can help the inept settlers Here’s how it goes I wish you’d shed more light on the subject You make me so hot Man has shocking experience Here’s how we’re related
Four Steps to MUCH better Curriculum
Step One: Hook
How am I going to make the task appealing, inviting, and intriguing to my students?
Step Two: Focus
Does the task absolutely and with no ambiguity call on students to grapple with one or more of the key understandings and skills of the unit?
Step Three: Ratchet
Is the task crafted at very high levels of thought and production for the students who perform it? Are you confident it will stretch them in use of information, critical and creative thinking, reflection on their thinking, skill and accuracy,research, insight, or other areas valuable in this effort?
Step Four: Tighten
Are the directions written in such a way that the students cannot take the “low road” or the easy way out with their work? Are they written to direct students to the “high road” of the quest for quality in work and thought?
Let’s Build a Lesson
Standards based What pre-assessment could you use?
Understanding By Design “Four Stages” of lesson design 1.
Identify desired outcomes 2.
3.
4.
Determine acceptable evidence Plan learning experiences and instructional activities Plan differentiation
Homework for March
Bring your first lesson/unit in April Rough draft Be prepared to present it to small group for feedback
Odds & Ends
Using a Strength to Support a Weakness
100% Me poems
I’m 9% math 10% soccer 4% science 2% clean locker I’m 21% wilderness 6% blue I’m 6% braces And 2% shoe I’m 33% smiles 3% brown hair 4% pineapple I’m very rare!
Kelsey—Grade 6 In Practical Poetry: A Non-Standard Approach to Meeting Content-Area Standards By Sara Holbrook (2005), Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, p. 79
Fortune Lines
Novels, plays, epic poems, music, history & other subjects all present a story that unfolds as a sequence of scenes or events. Fortune lines probe learners’ understanding of the story by requiring them to graph a pattern of events. For example, the story of little Red Riding Hood can be separated into ten scenes:
Little Red Riding Hood sets off from home Little Red Riding Hood enters woods Little Red Riding Hood meets wolf Little Red Riding Hood escapes from wolf, continues through wood Little Red Riding Hood comes to grandma’s cottage ‘What big eyes you have’ ‘What big ears you have’ ‘What big teeth you have’ wolf unmasks, pursues Hunter enters, kills wolf Grandma found unhurt in cupboard
Positive Postcard
Send each child a postcard with positive comments 1 each quarter or semester for each child Make a list and check each child off as his/her postcard is mailed Your school district MAY even purchase the postcards & postage
What Do They Know?
Exit cards 3-2-1 Summarizer Squaring Off Yes/No cards Thumb It First of 5
Brain Resources
Brain Breaks http://www.alite.co.uk/information/brain_brea ks.htm
Grow a Brain (Susan Jones) http://www.susanjjones.com/grobraintro.html
The Brain Connection http://www.brainconnection.com/
Graphic Organizer Resources
http://www.writedesignonline.com/organizers/ http://www.teachervision.fen.com/graphic organizers/printable/6293.html
http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/students/learn ing/lr1grorg.htm
http://edhelper.com/teachers/graphic_organizers.htm
http://www.educationoasis.com/curriculum/graphic_or ganizers.htm
Pre-assessment Resources
http://assist.educ.msu.edu/ASSIST/clas sroom/assessment/section1/sec1strat1p reassess.htm
http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/gifted /projects/NRC/projects/ascd/ascd2002.
ppt
Fun Math Resources
Chaos in the Classroom http://math.bu.edu/DYSYS/chaos-game/chaos game.html
Fractals http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/frac/
High Quality Lesson Resources
Verizon Thinkfinity (formerly Marco Polo) curriculum resources http://www.marcopolo-education.com
ReadWriteThink Illuminations ArtsEdge EconEdLink National Geographic Expeditions ScienceNetLinks EdSitement