Transcript Latvijas Konservatīvās Jaunatnes Apvienība (LKJA)

CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN
POLICY STUDIES (CEEPS)
Main goals of CEEPS:
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to contribute to Latvia’s foreign policy development, carrying
out research in the sphere of East European countries policy,
history and economy;
to develop cooperation with Latvian and foreign research
institutes and the other organizations;
Soft Power and Russia’s Compatriots Policy in
Post Soviet Area
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Joseph S. Nye about Soft Power
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Sources of Soft Power
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Instruments
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Concept “Russian World” as Soft Power project
Power in Global Information Age
Behaviors
Primary
Currencies
Government
Policies
Military Power
coercion
deterrence
protection
threats
force
coercive
diplomacy
war
alliance
Economic Power
inducement
coercion
payments
sanctions
aid
bribes
sanctions
Soft Power
attraction
agenda setting
values
culture
policies
institutions
public
diplomacy
bilateral and
multilateral
diplomacy
Soft Power is
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... the ability to shape the preferences of others
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... the ability to attract, and attraction often leads to acquiescence
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... the ability to get others to want the outcome you want because
of your cultural or ideological appeal
A country may abtain the outcomes it wants in world politics
because other countries – admiring values, emulating its example,
aspiring to its level properity – want to follow it
... a key element of leadership. The power to attract – to get
others to want what you want, to frame the issues, to set the
agenda
Before Nye...
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The thinking behind the cocept of soft power can be traced even
back more than 2,000 years.
In ancient China, soft power was perceived stronger and more
powerful than hard power, as suggested by proverbial wisdoms: to
use soft and gentle means to overcome the hard and strong
Morgenthau (1967) identifies nine elements of national power,
among which national character, national morale, the quality of
diplomacy and the quality of government are closely associated
with intangible sources of power, that is , soft power.
Sources of Soft Power
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Culture (in places where it is attractive to others)
Political values (when it lives up to them at home
and abroad)
Foreign policies (when they are seen as
legitimate and having moral authority)
Some examples
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The USSR placed great emphasis on demonstrating the
superiority of its cultural and educational system, spending
large sums on the arts.
The Bolshoi and Kirov ballet companies and Soviet
symphony orchestras attracted wide acclaim.
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USA: Hollywood, democracy, freedom of religion, etc.
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Japan: arts, restourants, Honda, Sony, etc.
The Nature of Soft Power
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Power dpends on context – who relates to whom under
what circumstances – but soft power dpends more than
hard power unpon the existence of a willing interpreter and
receivers’
Soft power is context specific, taht is, a form of soft power
is relevant to only one specific country or a specific group in
that country
Soft power, in general, in not controlled by the government
or singl organisation. Soft power comes in various sources
owned by non-state actors.
Exceptions...
Tools
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Public Diplomacy
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N.G.O.
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Mass media
Russia’s Compatriots Policy
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Part of Humanitarian Trend of Foreign policy
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Institutions involved
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Law and programs
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Aims
Concept ‘Russian World’
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Authors: Пётр Щедровицкий, Ефим Островский, Татяна
Полоскова, Валерий Тишков and others.
‘Russian World’ as the idea of an integral element of
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contemporary civilization. ‘Russia’s World’ has emerged as
the idea tantamount to a cultural phenomenon which will
unify all Russian-speaking people.
One advantage attributed to this term is that it considered
that it unites all the various eras without legal
consequences ranging from waves of Russian-Nationals
emigrating from Russia to a new life overseas, as well as
the Russians who emerged overseas beyond Russia’s
boundaries after 1991
‘Russian World’ and Culture
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Culture as tool of Foreign policy (2007)
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The role of language
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Civilization and values
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Target group
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Aims
Actors and Tools
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‘Russkiy Mir’ Foundation
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N.G.O.s
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TV Channel ‘Russian World’
Problems
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‘Self – cancelling effect’
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Double standarts
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Lack of universal idea
Thank you!
Centre for East European Policy
Studies, Riga, Latvia
[email protected]