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A Brief Account on Analysis of water & sediment in Umiam lake By Dr. P.K. Ghosh PS & Head (WM) ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam, Umroi Road, Meghalaya Morphometric features of Umiam reservoir Total water spread area 500 ha approx. Altitude Above 900 m above MSL Maximum Reservoir Level EL 3220 ft Minimum Reservoir Level EL 3150 ft Gross Storage EL Dead Storage EL 3220 ft 3150 ft Total length of dam Maximum height of dam 640.0 ft 238 ft (a) Bay (b) Lentic sector Uses of lake Primarily it meant for Umtru-Umiam hydroelectric project. There is no organized fishery in this reservoir. Subsistence fishing by the local people is common. About 200-250 anglers come to this reservoir daily for fishing. The common carp, Cyprinus carpio is the predominant sps. Boating is the main recreation found in this lake. Procedure The surface water samples were collected which were analyzed for various parameters like (Temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, chloride) Water transparency was measured using a secchi disc. Sediment samples were collected using Petersen grab. The sediment samples were also analyzed for their chemical characteristics like PH, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Plankton was collected using standard plankton net made of bolting silk cloth. Pesticide residue is analysed using HPLC. Table: Physico-chemical parameters of Umiam reservoir water during different season Season Parameters Mean Pre-monsoon Monsoon Post-monsoon Temperature(oC) 21.27 26.43 18.79 22.16 Transparency (cm) 268.16 209.53 220.94 232.88 pH 7.62 9.11 7.12 7.95 Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 7.60 9.08 6.98 7.89 Free CO2 (mg/l) 1.74 0.15 3.39 1.76 Ph.Alkalinity (mg/l) 0.33 3.79 0.0125 1.38 Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 30.02 20.74 20.86 23.87 Hardness (mg/l) 25.99 17.23 17.73 20.32 Chloride (mg/l) 5.60 1.85 1.28 2.91 Nitrite (mg/l) 0.047 0.10 0.062 0.0697 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.06 0.095 0.05 0.0682 Conductance (µ/cm) 74.13 57.92 46.45 59.50 T.D.S. (mg/l) 37.07 28.89 23.40 29.79 Fig: Monthly variation in water transparency Fig: Sediment texture of Umiam reservoir Chemical characteristics of sediment in Umiam reservoir during different seasons Parameters Seasons Pre-monsoon Monsoon Post-monsoon PH 6.03 5.58 5.99 Organic Carbon (%) 2.536 2.332 1.817 Organic Matter (%) 4.372 4.02 3.133 Total Nitrogen (%) 0.167 0.1838 0.2054 Available Nitrogen (kg/ha) 407.68 374.08 324.74 Available Phosphorus (kg/ha) 65.61 84.79 55.17 Available Potassium (kg/ha) 362.67 243.14 258.95 Primary production in Umiam reservoir during different seasons of the year Primary production Gross primary productivity (mg C/m3/hr) Net primary productivity (mg C/m3/hr) Respiration (mg C/m3/hr) Pre-monsoon (FebMay) 148.567 Monsoon (JuneSept) 66.897 Post-monsoon (Oct-June) 79.241 48.328 21.472 101.942 22.279 33.335 46.943 Table : Diversity of zooplankton in Umiam reservoir Sl. N o . Copepoda Protozoa Rotifera Cladocera Cillata 1 Canthocamptus sp Acanthocystis sp. Asplanchna sp. Alonella sp. Actinosphaerium sp 2 Cyclops sp. Amphitrema sp. Brachionus sp. Bosmina sp. Astrophrya sp. 3 Diaptomus sp. Antarcella sp. Cephadella sp. Ceriodaphnia sp Coleps sp. 4 Eubranchipus sp. Centropyxis sp. Chromogaster sp Chlydorus sp. Paramaecium sp 5 Limnocalnus sp. Ceratium sp. Colurella sp. Daphnia sp. Vorticella sp. 6 Naupluis sp. Chrysamoeba sp Collotheca sp. Macrothrix sp. 7 Difflugia sp. Conochilus sp. Moina sp. 8 Dinobryon sp. Cupelophagis sp. Simocephalus sp 9 Euglena sp. Epiphanes sp. 10 Peridium sp. Euchlanis sp. 11 Phacus sp. Filina sp. 12 Gastropus sp. 13 Hexarthra sp. 14 Keretella sp. 15 Lecane sp. 16 Lepadella sp. 17 Monostyla sp. 18 Nothalca sp. 19 Philodina sp. 20 Phomphlex sp. 21 Polyarthra sp. 22 Rotaria sp. 23 Testudinella sp. 24 Trichocerca sp. Table : Diversity of phytoplankton in Umiam reservoir Sl. N o . Chlorophyceae Bacillariophyceae Desimidaceae Myxophyceae 1 Ankistrodesmus sp. Achnanthes sp. Anthrodesmus sp. Agmenellum sp. 2 Botryococcus sp. Asterionella sp. Cosmarium sp. Anabeana sp. 3 Ceratophyllum sp. Ceratonies sp. Desmatractum sp. Anacystis sp. 4 Closterium sp. Colonies sp. Desmidium sp. Coelasphaerium sp. 5 Coelastrum sp. Cymbella sp. Docidium sp. Merismopedia sp. 6 Crucigenia sp. Cytotella sp. Epiphanes sp. Nodularia sp. 7 Diaspora sp. Diatoma sp. Euastrum sp. Oedogonium sp. 8 Dictyosphaerium sp. Denticula sp. Gonatozygon sp. Oscillatoria sp. 9 Enteromorpha sp. Fragillaria sp. Melosira sp. Rivularia sp. 10 Hydrodictyon sp. Gomphonema sp. Mesotaenium sp. Spirulina sp. 11 Kirchneriella sp. Gyrosigma sp. Micrasterias sp. Tetrapedia sp. 12 Kyliniella sp. Navicula sp. Onychonema sp. 13 Merismopedia sp. Nitzchia sp. Penium sp. 14 Mesotaenium sp. Phormidium sp. Pleurotaenium sp. 15 Microcystis sp. Pinnularia sp. Sorastrum sp. Conti… 16 Monostroma sp. Rhizosolenia sp. Spondylosium sp. 17 Pachycladon sp. Selenastrum sp. Staurastrum sp. 18 Pediastrum sp. Stauronies sp. Tetraedon sp. 19 Polycystis sp. Surirella sp. Xanthidium sp. 20 Protococcus sp. Synedra sp. 21 Phytoconis sp. 22 Radiofilum sp. 23 Scebedesmus sp. 24 Sphaerocystis sp. 25 Spirogyra sp. 26 Stichococcus sp. 27 Tetrastrum sp. 28 Tribonema sp. 29 Ulothrix sp. 30 Zygnema sp. Total density of plankton in Umiam reservoir during different seasons Seasons Pre-monsoon Monsoon Post-monsoon Mean Density of Plankton (u/lit) Phytoplankton Zooplankton total 5,759.65 12,319.85 6560.20 44,670.50 1,218.60 45,889.10 26,025.60 695.95 26,721.55 25,752.10 2,558.07 28,310.17 Contents of Residues of different pesticides (ug/l) in water samples collected from Umiam lake sample Pesticides MCP Umiam - DMP CAR B - - END CPP Ob 0.585 - END CYF ON a - - CPM N resid ue - 1 Important Isolates Name Positive/negative Escherichia.coli +ve Salmonella sps. -ve Fig: Solid wastes accumulate in the lotic sector Fig: Pollution from river Umkrah thank you