Transcript Conceptual Framework: Health Disparities in African

Conceptual Framework:
Health Disparities in
African-American Women
Antronette (Toni) Yancey, MD, MPH
Associate Professor/Co-Director,
UCLA School of Public Health and
Center to Eliminate Health Disparities
Race / Ethnic Composition of the
Los Angeles County Population, 1990 and 2000
1990
2000
n= 8,863,164
n=9,519,338
Latino
Latino
Black
37.8%
44.6%
10.5%
9.5%
10.2%
Black
Asian/PI
40.8%
0.7%
31.1%
Other
White
12.0%
2.8%
White
Other
Asian/PI
Percentage of Adults (Age 18 years and older)
living below 200% of Federal Poverty Level,
by Service Planning Area, Los Angeles County, 1999
100%
90%
80%
73%
70%
60%
50%
48%
50%
40%
36%
33%
30%
Antelope
Valley
San
Fernando
LA County
40%
35%
29%
30%
20%
10%
0%
San Gabriel
Metro
West
South
East
South Bay
1999-2000 Los Angeles County Health Survey
Department of Health Services, Public Health
Percentage of Children (17 years old)
Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity,
Los Angeles County, 1999-2000
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
46%
37%
40%
30%
21%
20%
9%
10%
0%
Latino
White
African American
Asian/Pacific
Islander
1999-2000 Los Angeles County Health Survey
Department of Health Services, Public Health
Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex and Race/Ethnicity,
Los Angeles County, 1998
85
80.7
79.8
80
78.0
77.8
77.7
76.4
Years
75
74.3
74.3
Male
72.5
Female
70
66.4
65
60
Total
White
Latino
Black
Asian/PI
Adult Obesity: 1988-94 to 1999-2000
Race/Ethnicity
1988-94
Target
Total
White
Female
Male
Black
Female
Male
Mexican American
Female
Male
0
10
20
Percent
30
Note: Data are for ages 20 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Obesity is defined as BMI >= 30.0. Black and white exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Persons
of Mexican-American origin may be any race.
Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCHS, CDC.
40
50
Obj. 19-2
Death rates by cause for persons aged 45 to 65, 1995
600
Deaths per 100,000 persons
Men
500
N-H White
Black
Asian
Am Ind
Hispanic
400
Women
300
200
100
0
Heart Disease
Cancer
Source: National Center for Health Statistics
Heart Disease
Cancer
Years of Potential Life Lost to Diabetes
YPLL before age 75 y per
100,000 population
500
N-H White
Black
Hispanic
Asian or PI
Am Ind
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Men
Women
Age-adjusted, 1998 data
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Health US 2000, table 31
Hypertension & Overweight
Rates: Women in the U.S.
Hypertension,%
Overweight, %
W
B
Lat
W
B
Lat
All
19.3
34.2
22.0
32.5
53.3
51.8
Poor
30.2
39.9
24.5
42.0
55.0
54.9
Near 23.9
poor
Mid,
20.2
Hi inc.
35.9
22.4
36.6
51.0
48.7
30.0
25.2
30.0
52.4
45.3
Years of Potential Life Lost
by Ethnicity (per 100,000)
14000
12000
10000
Afr Am
Am Ind
AsianPI
Latino
White
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Total
Infant and Child Mortality Rates in the
United States, 1900 and 2000
120
Infant (<1)
100
Child (1-19)
Rate per 1,000
100
80
60
40
30
20
7
3
0
1900
2000
Year
Infant Mortality Rate
Los Angeles County, 1990-2000
Rate per 1,000 live births
20
16
12
8
4
0
Rate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
8
7.8
7.2
7.3
6.9
6.7
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.4
4.9
1,588
1,421
1,381
1,252
1,176
999
950
936
841
777
Number 1,628
Infant Mortality Rate by Mother’s Race/Ethnicity,
Los Angeles County, 1991-2000
20
Rate per 1,000 live births
18
16
14
White
12
Latino
10
8
African
American
6
Asian/ Pacific
Islander
4
2
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Year
1997
1998
1999
2000
Birth Rate Among Teens Aged 15-17 Years by
Mother’s Race/Ethnicity,
Los Angeles County, 1991-2000
100
90
Rate per 1,000
80
White
70
60
Latina
50
40
African
American
30
Asian /Pacific
Islander
20
10
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Year
1997
1998
1999
2000